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Antarctic Science Season Gears Up With Searches for Meteorites, Neutrinos, and New Life Forms

lankton in these waters, and its role in the carbon cycle. Two subsequent cruises will track carbon over the season, and investigate how trace metals, especially iron, affect plant production.

  • Deicing Dynamics of Sea Life The growth and retreat of sea ice around Antarctica is one of the world's great seasonal events, yet little is known about how ice dynamics affect zooplankton and other animals in the ocean's topmost waters (the upper 100 meters). Three cruises in the Weddell Sea and associated studies, under a project led by Kenneth Smith of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, will track the ecology of tiny animals -- zooplankton (floating) and micronekton (swimming) -- over one year, to capture how dramatic changes in sea-ice cover affect the animal populations. The project will develop an instrument to monitor populations at different depths, and will launch a remotely-operated vehicle to sample and observe animals beneath the sea ice.

  • The Rougher It Is, The Better They Like It Biologists now agree that archea, or archeobacteria, are one of the three major branches of life, in addition to bacteria and eukaryotes (the latter embracing plants, animals, and humans). Archea seem to like environments that are very hot, or very salty, or strictly lacking in oxygen -- places where no other life can endure.

    Recent studies, however, reveal a surprise: archea comprise more than 30 percent of biomass in waters off Palmer Station, Antarctica -- the highest rates measured in the ocean. A team led by Edward DeLong of the University of California-Santa Barbara will sample archea in the region this season, illuminating the ecology and biology of these mysterious organisms.

  • Hot and Ultraviolet The greater amount of ultraviolet light (called UV-B) let in by the ozone hole reduces the productivity of marine phytoplankton, but how does UV-B affect Antarctica's t
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    • Contact: Lynn Simarski
    lsimarsk@nsf.gov
    703-306-1070
    National Science Foundation
    31-Oct-1996


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