Fact sheet: the Report on Carcinogens - 9...( ws for the review and listing of exposu...)

Fact sheet: the Report on Carcinogens - 9th edition

ws for the review and listing of exposure circumstances in the Report.

Smokeless tobacco - Smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) forms a third group of tobacco-related substances listed as "known human carcinogens." The Report states that cancers of the oral cavity (i.e. mouth, lip, tongue) have been associated with the use of chewing tobacco as well as snuff, which are the two main forms of smokeless tobacco used in the United States. Studies indicate that the tumors often arise at the site of placement of the tobacco.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages - Consumption of alcoholic beverages is listed as a "known human carcinogen." The Report states that consumption of alcoholic beverages is causally related to cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus, and goes on to say that studies indicate that the risk is most pronounced among smokers and at the highest levels of consumption. The Report reports that the effect of a given level of alcoholic beverage intake on cancers of the head and neck is influenced by other factors, especially smoking, but that smoking does not explain the increased cancer hazard associated with alcoholic beverage consumption. The Report also states that there is evidence that suggests a link between alcoholic beverage consumption and cancer of the liver and breast.

Solar UV radiation and exposure to sunlamps and sunbeds - Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation, sunlamps, or sunbeds is listed as a "known human carcinogen." The Report cites data that indicate a causal relationship between exposure to solar radiation and melanoma and other skin cancers in humans, and that exposure to sunlamps or sunbeds is associated with melanoma. The Report also indicates that skin cancers are observed with increasing duration of exposure, and the effects are especially pronounced in individuals under 30 and for those who experience sunburn.

Crystalline silica (respirable size) - Crystalline silic

Contact: Sandra Lange
lange@niehs.nih.gov
919-541-0530
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
14-May-2000

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