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Fact sheet: the Report on Carcinogens - 9th edition

a (respirable size), which is primarily quartz dust occurring in industrial and occupational settings in the form of fine, breathable particles, was also upgraded to a "known human carcinogen." Respirable crystalline silica results from mining and grinding coal. Comments were received expressing concern that this listing would lead to confusion among the public over the possibility that sand at the beach is carcinogenic. However, the Report makes clear that the listing is based on increased lung cancer rates in workers exposed to respirable-size (breathable) crystalline silica, primarily quartz and crystabolite, that are generated during sandblasting and similar activities in an occupational setting.

  • Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid - Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid are listed as "known human carcinogens." The Report states that studies indicate occupational exposures to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid are specifically associated with laryngeal and lung cancer in humans. Industrial processes in which occupational exposure to sulfuric acid mist has been examined include manufacture of isopropyl alcohol, lead batteries, phosphate fertilizers, soap and detergents, synthetic ethanol, and pickling and other acid treatments of metals.

  • Dyes metabolized to benzidine - Dyes metabolized to benzidine are listed in the 9th Report as "known human carcinogens." These dyes are used mainly for dyeing textiles and paper. This listing is based on the fact that benzidine, which has been listed in the Report since 1980, is a known human carcinogen and once absorbed, these benzidine-based dyes are converted to free benzidine in humans. Benzidine was one of the first chemicals for which an association of occupational exposure and increased incidence of urinary bladder cancer in humans was reported.

  • 1,3-Butadiene - 1,3-Butadiene was upgraded from "reasonably anticipated" to a "known huma
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    • Contact: Sandra Lange
    lange@niehs.nih.gov
    919-541-0530
    NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
    14-May-2000


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