Fact sheet: the Report on Carcinogens - 9...( n carcinogen in the 9th Report. This ...)

n carcinogen" in the 9th Report. This chemical is used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. The upgrading to a "known human carcinogen" was based on findings from studies in humans that provided evidence of a causal relationship between occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and excess mortality from hematopoietic cancers.

Cadmium and cadmium compounds - Cadmium and cadmium compounds were upgraded from "reasonably anticipated" to "known human carcinogens" in the 9th Report. These materials are used in batteries, coating and plating, plastic and synthetic products and alloys, and had been listed as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" since 1980. The Report identifies findings of increased risk of lung cancers in workers exposed to cadmium and cadmium compounds.

Ethylene oxide - Ethylene oxide was upgraded from "reasonably anticipated" to a "known human carcinogen" in the 9th Report. This chemical is used to make other chemicals and is also widely used in the health care industry to sterilize medical devices. It had been listed in the Report as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" since 1985. The Report cites findings of increased risk for leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in workers exposed to ethylene oxide. This information coupled with data on its genotoxic and biochemical interactions with human DNA led to the upgrading to a "known human carcinogen."

Tamoxifen - Tamoxifen is listed in the 9th Report as a "known human carcinogen" based on evidence from studies in humans that indicate tamoxifen increases the risk of uterine cancer in women. While there is clear evidence that tamoxifen causes uterine cancer in women, there is also conclusive evidence that tamoxifen therapy reduces the risk of cancer in the opposite breast in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, and reduces the incidence of breast cancer in women at increased risk for this disease.

Tamoxifen has been appr
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Contact: Sandra Lange
lange@niehs.nih.gov
919-541-0530
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
14-May-2000


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