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Licensing procedure for genetically modified organisms turns out to be fallible

on an affected item S by means of a mechanism T in an environment X as a result of application Z".

By making use of these categories, the relevant questions and the arguments for their relevance can be listed in a systematic manner. In the case of an agent, for example, the following question is in order: To what extent can the transgene survive without the genetically modified organism? The argument for the relevance of this question is that the transgene may constitute a danger by being transferred to other organisms.

The relevance of questions needs to be discussed by such parties as ecologists, molecular biologists, license applicants and the bodies granting the licenses. This would minimise unexpected environmental risks. In the past, the environmental dangers associated with DDT, CFCs and some synthetic chemicals have mainly been discovered by alert individuals and not by research institutes and companies. According to the philosophers, expert discussion in such leading periodicals as Science and Nature has to a large extent involved artificial controversies because the matter of the relevance of certain research questions was hardly considered. The omission in the bureaucratic licensing procedure is also to be found in the European Unions Directive 90/220/EEC and In the Familiarity policy pursued by OECD. The philosophers have now passed on their findings to the Commission on Genetic Modification (COGEM), the body which advises on license granting in the Netherlands.


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Contact: Henk Klomp
klomp@nwo.nl
31-70-3440714
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
23-Jan-2000


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