ganizations in the vegetation across all of North America occurring roughly every 1500 yr, synchronous with changes in the climate identified previously in ice cores and ocean sediments. These climate changes, probably caused by variations in solar output, caused large-scale impacts on North American ecosystems and perhaps societies. These results suggest that variations in the climate can occur abruptly and have rapid and significant impacts when the climate flips from one regime to another. The present human-induced CO2 global warming effect is superimposed on these natural climate incursions.

GSA TODAY

Persistent Holocene Outflow from the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean Contradicts Noahs Flood Hypothesis.

Ali E. Aksu, et al., Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, New Foundland A1B 3X5, Canada.

Controversy surrounds reconnection of the Black Sea and Mediterranean during Holocene sea-level rise. In their paper in Marine geology (1997; and numerous other publications), Bill Ryan, Walter Pitman, and coworkers have proposed that the reconnection took place via a catastrophic flood of Mediterranean water into the Black Sea at ~7.5 ka, and they suggest that this was the historical basis for the biblical story of Noahs Flood. In contrast, the Aksu et al. GSA Today article suggests a more complex and progressive reconnection over the last 12,000 years. Today, the Black Sea exports considerably more brackish water than the saline inflow it receives from the Mediterranean and there is a stratified, two-layer flow that has a strong affect on aquatic life and seabed sediments. The Marmara Sea Gateway (narrow straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus, and deep intervening Marmara Sea) provides a set of natural flow valves (and sediment traps) that in principle should contain a record of the reconnection. Using ~7500 line-km of seismic profiles, 65 soft-sediment cores, and 43 radiocarbon dates, th
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Contact: Ann Cairns
acairns@geosociety.org
303-357-1056
Geological Society of America
24-Apr-2002

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