New sequence involved in DNA replication timing may aid in cancer...( Bethesda MD - Scientists have discover...)

The research appears as the "Paper of the Week" in the October 1 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, an American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal.

Before a cell can divide, it must duplicate its DNA. Duplication, which occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, is initiated at many replication origins in the DNA molecule. These replication origins fire at specific times throughout S phase, causing each segment of the genome to replicate at a precise time.

"S phase lasts about 8 hours in human cells and about 40 minutes in cells of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe," explained Joel A. Huberman of Roswell Park Cancer Institute. "In both cases, some portions of DNA molecules are nearly always duplicated early in S phase while other portions are nearly always duplicated late."

Until recently, very little was known about how cells control replication timing. Studies in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) have suggested that, by default, replication origins fire early in S phase, but they can be forced to fire later by flanking and internal DNA sequences. Now, Huberman and Chulee Yompakdee have discovered a stretch of DNA that verifies this hypothesis.

To study DNA replication timing, Huberman and Yompakdee used fission yeast as a model organism because of its small size, rapid cell cycle, and convenient genetics. "Human beings have 46 large chromosomes, while cells of the tiny fission yeast contain three much smaller chromosomes," noted Huberman. "Despite these differences, the process of DNA replication is very similar in humans and fission yeast."

The scientists found that the DNA surrounding m
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Contact: Nicole Kresge
nkresge@asbmb.org
301-634-7415
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
24-Sep-2004