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Photosynthesis analysis shows work of ancient genetic engineering

mes of five bacteria representing the basic groups of photosynthetic bacteria and the complete range of known photosynthetic processes. The paper is co-authored by ASU doctoral student Jason Raymond, Olga Zhazybayeva and J. Peter Gogarten of the University of Connecticut at Storrs, and Sveta Y. Gerdes of Integrated Genomics in Chicago, Illinois.

The analysis revealed clear evidence that photosynthesis did not evolve through a linear path of steady change and growing complexity but through a merging of evolutionary lines that brought together independently evolving chemical systems -- the swapping of blocks of genetic material among bacterial species known as horizontal gene transfer.

"We found that the photosynthesis-related genes in these organisms have not had all the same pathway of evolution. It's clear evidence for horizontal gene transfer," said Blankenship.

The team examined the genes of five already sequenced photosynthetic bacterial genomes a cyanobacterium known as Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803; Chloroflexus aurantiacus, a green filamentous bacteria; Chlorobium tepidum, a green sulfur bacteria; Rhodobacter capsulatus, a proteobacteria; and Heliobacillus mobilis, a heliobacteria. They found a set of 188 genes that appeared to be related (orthologous) between these organisms. The five species belong to very separate classifications, but since they share, to varying degrees, the same photosynthetic chemical systems, the team deduced that the photosynthesis-related genes must be among the shared genes.

Blankenship and his colleagues then performed a mathematical analysis of the set of shared genes to determine possible evolutionary relationships between them, but they arrived at different results depending on which genes were tested.

"We did a kind of tree analysis of all 188 genes to determine what the best evolutionary tree was. We found that a fraction of the genes supported each of the different possible arrangement
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Contact: James Hathaway
Hathaway@asu.edu
480-965-6375
Arizona State University
21-Nov-2002


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