Supplements that increase the effects of resistance exercise ...( an abnormal health condition. Only st...)

an abnormal health condition. Only studies using healthy adults (>18 years of age) were included for analysis. There was no discrimination of gender, and no restrictions were placed as to the exercise history of the subjects, although training was recorded as a variable.

Only randomized, placebo-controlled studies published in peer review journals were selected. Studies were excluded if there was any dietary restriction imposed that could compromise the hypertrophic consequences of the resistance exercise. The study had to be at least three weeks in duration and had to involve subjects carrying out a full-body (all major muscle groups) resistance-training regimen two or more times per week.

The primary outcome criteria was lean body mass. Estimates of lean mass could be in the form of lean body mass, fat-free mass/weight, or fat and bone-free mass or if data was provided to calculate one of these variables. Strength was the secondary outcome criterion, but papers were not rejected if they failed to report strength data. Strength data were standardized within a study by averaging the percent change for all reported strength measures.

Results

• Of the approximately 250 candidate supplements, only 48 studies (in 40 citations) met all the inclusion criteria. Of these, six supplements were supported by greater than one citation each: creatine (n = 18), HMB (n =9), chromium (n = 12), DHEA (n =2), rostenedione (n = 3), and protein (n =4, with relaxed inclusion criteria).

• Of the original list of 250 substances marketed as dietary supplements, creatine (methyl guanidine-acetic acid) and HMB (-hydroxy--methylbutyrate, produced in the body and in certain foods such as catfish and alfalfa) were the only supplements found to be effective in increasing lean tissue gain with resistance training.

• With regard to lean gain, creatine and HMB have similar effects, with lean gain approximately doubling over the
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Contact: Donna Krupa
djkrupa1@aol.com
703-527-7357
American Physiological Society
18-Mar-2003


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