Some ancient-DNA evidence has offered new clues to a very cold case: the disappearance of the last woolly mammoths, one of the most iconic of all Ice Age giants, according to a June 7th report published online in Current Biology, a publication of Cell Press.

DNA lifted from the bones, teeth, and tusks of the extinct mammoths revealed a genetic signature of a range expansion after the last interglacial period. After the mammoths migration, the population apparently leveled off, and one of two lineages died out.

In combination with the results on other species, a picture is emerging of extinction not as a sudden event at the end of the last ice age, but as a piecemeal process over tens of thousands of years involving progressive loss of genetic diversity, said Dr. Ian Barnes, of Royal Holloway, University of London. For the mammoth, this seems much more likely to have been driven by environmental rather than human causes, even if humans might have been responsible for killing off the small, terminal populations that were left.

Barnes, along with Dr. Adrian Lister of the University College London and the Natural History Museum in London and others, had earlier found evidence that bison, bears, and lions underwent major population shifts twenty-five to fifty thousand years ago. Those results came as a surprise, the researchers said, because scientists tended to think that the major environmental changes happened about fifteen to twenty-five thousand years ago, when the glaciers reached their fullest extent. The findings also offered early human hunters a potential alibi; they didnt come on the scene in large numbers until even later.

In search of a general pattern in the new study, Barnes and Listers team looked to the extinct woolly mammoth. What they found, however, was an interesting pattern, not like those of the other species.

Their genetic data indicate that Siberian mammoths expanded from a small base some time
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Contact: Erin Doonan
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617-397-2802
Cell Press
7-Jun-2007