Chicken genome analysis unlocks secrets of mammalian and bird...( es found in the chicken were previously...)

Chicken genome analysis unlocks secrets of mammalian and bird evolution

es found in the chicken were previously thought to occur only in mammals.

In both bird and mammalian species, genes seem to perform similar roles in calcification.

The chicken genome lacks certain genes associated with casein milk proteins, salivary proteins and enamel proteins, mirroring the absence of teeth and milk-producing capabilities in birds.

Despite the evolutionary distance between chickens and humans, long blocks in the genomes of both species contain genes that share the same chromosomal position.

Expansion and contraction of gene families may be responsible for the independent evolution of mammals and birds.

The chicken seems to be the only vertebrate species whose genome has been sequenced that has lost more genes than it has gained in the evolutionary process.

The chicken that served as the DNA donor for the first draft sequencing project was a Red Jungle Fowl female from an inbred line that was developed in the 1950s at UC Davis by geneticist and breeder Hans Ablanalp, a professor emeritus of avian science. The Red Jungle Fowl is the ancestral species of all domestic chicken breeds. Delany notes that the hen, whose DNA was sequenced, lives at the poultry farm at Michigan State University and several different genomic research tools were created from her DNA.

The first draft of the chicken genome sequence, a $13 million project funded by the National Institutes of Health, was completed at the Washington University Genome Sequencing Center in St. Louis, Mo. in March 2004 and made available online to researchers. The draft sequencing project, along with a whole-genome sequencing conducted by the Beijing Genomics Institute in China using three different domestic chicken strains, revealed that the chicken genome is made up of about 1 billion DNA base pairs and is only about 40 percent the size of the human genome.

The genome of the chicken, which serves as a mod
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8-Dec-2004

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Related biology news :

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6. Chicken genomic sequence yields insight into vertebrate evolution
7. Unravelling new complexity in the genome
8. One species, many genomes
9. First genome-wide study of infectious disease opens new avenues for HIV treatment, vaccines
10. Charting ever-changing genomes
11. Neutral evolution has helped shape our genome

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