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News tips from the Journal of Neuroscience

Activating EAAT4 Anion Channels

The excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is an unusual beast. Expressed predominantly in cerebellum Purkinje cells rather than glia, the molecule also functions as an anion-selective ion channel. The current model for transport is that a molecule of glutamate is transported independently by each subunit in the homotrimeric transporter. The crystal structure of glutamate transporters suggests that the extracellular face is a water-filled bowl with glutamate binding sites sitting at the base. This week, Torres-Salazar et al. provide data suggesting a cooperative interaction of subunits in the generation of EAAT4 anion currents. The authors expressed EAAT4 in Xenopus oocytes and heterologous cells and reported sigmoidal glutamate concentration dependence. Two mutations close to the glutamate binding site altered the dissociation constant and cooperativity of the anion current, unlike glutamate transport itself. Thus, glutamate binding sites on different subunits must be occupied to generate the anion current, indicative of intersubunit interactions.
Delany Torres-Salazar and Christoph Fahlke

Visual Acuity and Long-Term Monocular Deprivation in Rats

The detrimental effects of monocular deprivation during early life are among the most studied phenomenon in neuroscience. The resulting reorganization of the visual cortex leaves the deprived eye compromised once it is uncovered. However, this week Iny et al., using rats, show a bidirectional and reversible enhancement of vision in the open (nondeprived) eye. The authors measured visual acuity by training rats to use computer-generated visual cues to escape a swim box. Control rats performed at criterion ( 75% of trials correct) in response to a grating spatial frequency of 0.89 cycles per degree. After 5 months of monocular deprivation, rats suffered severe loss of acuity in the deprived eye. The threshold, measurable 3C4 wee
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Contact: Sara Harris
sharris@sfn.org
202-962-4000
Society for Neuroscience
11-Jul-2006


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