In his breakthrough experiments on salivation and digestion, Pavlov emphasized the neural control of the salivary glands as the "prototype of a general scheme of an innervation mechanism." According to Smith: "The insight was that the psychological and the physiolo-gical intermingled in the function of the central gastric secretory neural center, and, therefore, their combined effects were expressed in vagal efferent output and glandular secretion."

In the eighth and last in a series of lectures that overcame the Nobel committee's objection to his lack of publication, Pavlov was "primarily concerned with the relationship between physiology and clinical medicine," Smith noted. "Despite Pavlov's lack of clinical medical experience, he had great respect for the difficulties of clinical work and saw physiology as a body of knowledge and a way of thinking that would diminish these difficulties."

Perhaps the most unusual aspect of Pavlov's career and approach to science, Smith b
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