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A risk index stratified the risk of death and identified low- and high-risk individuals. Patients with very low risk scores (60 or less) had a death rate of 0.4 percent at 30 days and 7.8 percent at 1 year. Patients with very high risk scores (greater than 150) had a mortality rate of 59.0 percent at 30 days and 78.8 percent at 1 year. Patients with higher 1-year risk scores had reduced survival at all times up to 1 year.

"The risk index provides estimates of risk that may assist clinicians in counseling patients and families and guides clinical decision making," the researchers conclude.