ST. PAUL, MN New research finds that deficiencies in the hippocampus play a key role in alcoholism-related Korsakoff's syndrome, a memory disorder. The deficiencies are comparable to those found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease, according to a study published in the December 23 issue of Neurology, the scientific journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

Researchers used MRI to compare the brains of five men with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome to 20 men with Alzheimer's disease and 36 healthy men. The brains of all Korsakoff's patients and Alzheimer's patients were comparable in significant volume loss in the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory functions. Greater hippocampal damage was correlated to a higher memory deterioration index score for the Korsakoff's patients. The study authors also reported a similar correlation in Alzheimer's patients, where poor memory performance correlated with smaller hippocampal size.

"Awareness of the clinical and radiological similarities between Korsakoff's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease may help with the detection of each," said study author Edith V. Sullivan, PhD, of Stanford University School of Medicine in Stanford, Calif. "Although controversial, we believe that the nature of the memory impairment in these disorders is the same, while their overall profiles are different."

The amnesia of alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome was long believed to be rooted in the thalamus (relay center for impulses) and other deep structures of the brain. The Korsakoff's patients in the study had twice the hippocampal damage previously observed in alcoholics without amnesia. This suggests that a threshold may need to be crossed before memory impairment can be detected, noted Sullivan.

Resulting from a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1), Korsakoff's syndrome is typically a consequence of chronic alcohol dependence. Individuals at risk include those with nutritional deficiency disorders like
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Contact: Marilee Reu
mreu@aan.com
651-695-2789
American Academy of Neurology
22-Dec-2003

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