50 in 1985 to 1.27 in 2000. Current and past study results indicate that an individual's optimism changes only moderately over time, though it does tend to decrease with age. "Optimism can be estimated easily and is stable over long periods," the authors write. "It is yet to be established whether interventions aimed at improving an older individual's level of optimism may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality."

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Contact: Erik J. Giltay, Ph.D., M.D.
giltay@dds.nl
JAMA and Archives Journals
27-Feb-2006

Page: 1 2
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