Genetic Defect Protects Against Smoking
...tes into about 7.5 million people whoare protected against smoking by carrying a single copy of this gene defect." Building on a study published last year in which they identified thegene CYP2A6 as responsible for most nicotine metabolism, Tyndale, along withco-investigator Edward Sellers and graduat...... as killerT cells, to establish long-term immunity against HIV-1. Findings presented by Charles Rinal...AIDS patients after tripletherapy can be activated against HIV-1. To achieve this anti-HIV-1 effect,researchers treated another group of immune cells called d...Tiny Molecular Channels Key To Protecting Heart During Attack
...tandingthe chain of events that protects the heart against injury during a heartattack, paving the way for the development of a new class of drugs to treatpeople at risk. The team has found that tiny, energy-dependent channels withinmitochondria -- the sacs of enzymes that act as powerhouses of cells...Genetic Screening May Be Tool For Selecting Cancer Treatment, Research Suggests
...mors grown from BRCA2-normal cells. Holt cautioned against drawing broad conclusions from the studies because theresults in mice may not be replicated in patients. Because these studiesinvolved a specific mutation in inherited pancreatic cancer, similar results maynot be seen in other cancers caused by other...... CD4 T cells, the initiators of immune responses against HIV-1 and otherforeign substances in the body, are the primary targets of HIV-1. A change inthe number or activity of these cells would explain the discrepancy in virallevels between the blood and semen in HIV-infected men. However, researchersfoun...Horses Prefer Bridles That Have A Bit Missing
... While most horses get used to the bit, some fight against it. Cookbelieves that the behavioural problem known as "head shaking" may be a responseto discomfort caused by the conventional bridle. He also suggests that breathingdifficulties may be a cause of bleeding in the lungs, which in severe cases canend ...Researchers Document Transmission Of Protease-Resistant HIV
...se inhibitors are a powerful weapon in the arsenal against HIV,said Frederick Hecht, MD, assistant clinical professor of medicine at theUCSF-affiliated San Francisco General Hospital, and lead author of the study.The case study was reported by Hecht here today (July 1) at the 12th World AIDSConference. Rese......ban Health Study. Edlin noted that there is a bias against providing protease inhibitors, thepowerful anti-HIV medications, to injection drug users because they areperceived as being poor adherers to treatment. Nonetheless, the city has made it a policy to provide full access to thesemedications to all HIV-p...News Backgrounder: Duke Primate Center Successfully Fosters Mysterious Aye-Ayes
...ratu, Poe and Morticia on the animals -- alsoworks against its survival in its homeland of Madagascar. Superstitious Malagasybelieve that if an aye-aye points its finger at them, they're doomed to die, sothey kill the animals on sight when they encounter them during the day. True to its patchwork appearance,...Ecological Consequences Of Jasmonate-Induced Responses For Plants In Native Populations
... own defense, thereby turning a plant's defense against itself. Many inducible chemical responses, such...ials, induced levels of nicotine protect plants against nicotine-tolerant herbivores, but these herbivores may suffer lower rates of parasitisms when fee......op plants so that they will be better protected against pathogens. Scientists in the MPIZ Depart...eath the penetration site as a physical barrier against penetration. If all these defense reactions are not sufficient to prevent further penetration ...Combining Angiostatin With Radiation Enhances Anti-Cancer Effects Of Each
...tance. "Angiostatin brings radiation into action against the tumor vasculature inaddition to its impact on ...that the combination oftreatments may be effective against tumors that were not previously susceptibleto radiation therapy." The researchers were also excited ...Spices May Reduce Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Meat
...ned whether the amounts ofspice that are effective against pathogens are practical for consumers to use incooking or for food manufacturers to create good-tasting products. Moreover,regardless of how much spice consumers put in their food, they should always usesafe food handling practices, including cookin......ty,said Andino, could potentially offer protection against respiratory orgastrointestinal pathogens or diseases that gain access through mucosal ports ofentry, such as sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. In their study, conducted in mice, the UCSF investigators created a recombinantpoliovirus vecto...Security Code Helps Immune Cells Attack Foe And Spare Self
...ch on helper cells when we want to boost the fight against infectiousdisease." Kersh EN, Shaw AS, Allen PM. Fidelity of T cell activation through multistep Tcell receptor z phosphorylation. Science, July 24, 1998....Putting Down Your Roots: How Plants Know To Do It
...urn out, in hindsight,to be the compounds that act against genes present only in plants but not inanimals. Our findings suggest that one can design new classes of compoundstargeted at plant-specific genes like EIR1 such that they would automatically beharmful to plants but safe for humans." The Fink ...Gene Patterns Can Predict When--But Not Whether--Alzheimer's Will Strike
...dentifying lifestylechoices that may be protective against the disease." The investigators administered a battery of standardizedneuropsychological tests to a population of 4,932 elderly persons and then gavefull clinical exams to those who were suffering from dementia, in order todetermine the true ...Research Shows How Shrimps Escape Predators
...er. Finallythe researchers gently rubbed the trout against the upstream side of its cage,to mark the cage with its chemical odour. The shrimps still avoided this cage,even though there were no trout in it (Proceedings of the Royal Society SeriesB, vol 265, p 1339). Using droplets of milk to trace flo...Biologist Wins Simon Fraser University Controversy Prize For 'Silent Spring' Of The '90s
A compelling book about our futile, ongoing war against insects and other pestshas earned Simon Fraser University biologist Mark Winston the university's 1998Sterling Prize in Support of Controversy. The annual $5,000 prize, established in 1993 by professor emeritus TedSterling and his wife Nora,......ious Diseases (NIAID), have developed a DNAvaccine against rabies that protected eight of eight vaccinated mo...ne to show complete protection in nonhumanprimates against a virus that attacks the central nervous system (CNS). Theirreport describing the successful experi...