Genetically modified bacterium as remedy for intestinal diseases
...t. This structural function ensures that TFF never arrives in the intestine through oral administration, because along the way it attaches itself somewhere in the stomach-intestinal tract. This was also demonstrated in the tests on mice with acute enteritis: oral administration of TFF had no effect, but rect...Images reveal how rotavirus - leading cause of diarrhea - enters cells
...s function," says Dormitzer. First, when rotavirus arrives in the intestine, digestive enzymes cause two of the three VP4 molecules in each cluster to form a rigid spike, priming the virus to attack the cell and positioning the spike "head" to bind to the surface of the target cell. Then, in a second rearran...Two-month study of life in mid-Atlantic yields trove of species, new insights & questions
...w species. The Norwegian research vessel G.O. Sars arrives at its home port, Bergen, Norway, late Weds. Aug. 4. Project leaders will release preliminary results from their cruise at a news conference at Bergen's Institute of Marine Research, Thurs. Aug. 5 at 3 p.m. local time (2 p.m. BST, 1 p.m. GMT, 9 a.m. ...Leading science, higher-education and engineering groups urge six improvements to U.S. visa quagmire
...and secure, including payment after the individual arrives in the United States. In addition to these specific recommendations, the science, higher-education and engineering organizations also called for additional funding and staffing resources across all U.S. agencies involved in handling visa applica...Citizens asked to monitor impact of invasive bird species
...rance hole of nest boxes until the desired species arrives for breeding, in the hope that house sparrows in the area have already set up housekeeping elsewhere. Since house sparrows are not federally protected, experienced monitors also often remove nests or eggs and deploy traps. "Sometimes the best strate...... not be the body's top priority. But when the food arrives it is time to build up bone mass. Thus the body churns out amylin, which reduces the number of cells normally devoted to chewing up bone. These cells exist because bones stay strong only through a constant recycling in which cells chew away the old b...Research shows little effect from Arctic offshore oil drilling
... a single two-week period." This late May meltdown arrives early enough in the year to meet unusual resistance. The Artic Ocean at that time of year is topped with a six-foot layer of ice. As a result, the freshwater runoff has no way to merge into the saltwater ocean. "The freshwater runs out over and just ...Scientific equipment including the first European student experiment reaches the ISS
...nt ISS crew and will stay active until Pedro Duque arrives in October. Another European experiment which had major constituents taken to the ISS by the Progress M-48 is PROMISS-2. This experiment aims to understand the fundamental processes which underly protein crystallization. Equipment and components of ...Geneticists show ripple effects of gene mutations
When a plane arrives late to an airport, it affects more than just the frustrated passengers on the tardy plane the ripple effects could throw the entire day's timetable off schedule. Similarly, in a new study, North Carolina State University geneticists have found that...Carnegie Mellon University research story ideas on DNA
...tural "sketches" of unknown proteins and amazingly arrives at an unknown protein's structure without any reference to its amino acid sequence. This approach should accelerate the characterization of new proteins and identify those with functional domains known to be critical in diseases like cancer. Over the...Scientists study roundworms for behavior patterns
...imeter long and conveniently transparent, the worm arrives microscope-ready, and even though it has fewer than 400 neurons (compared with hundreds of billions in the human brain) it has a large repertoire of behaviors for a scientist to observe. Garcia fishes C. elegans from his petri dishes, separates out t...Dartmouth researchers put recycling in perspective
...ts of plastic recycling is more difficult. Once it arrives at a recycling center, plastic is washed and chopped up, and the energy expended in this process is almost half of the energy required to produce brand new plastic, according to the study. The additional energy used by the consumer to clean the plast...Mechanism controls movement of cell structures
...le. The studies also suggest that when the vacuole arrives at its correct destination, the coupling protein is degraded, which causes the vacuole to be deposited in the right location. "The protein we have discovered is called Vac17p. We found that it is involved in the specific coupling of vacuoles to the m...UC Berkeley scientists detail neural circuit that lets eye detect directional motion
... Also, because the inhibition from starburst cells arrives before any excitation from the bipolar cells, firing is diminished even more. "Starburst cells not only shut off the output of bipolar cells, they also deliver negative input to the ganglion cells," Fried said. One unexpected finding was that starbur...Researchers elucidate machinery of major anti-cancer target
...nesyl molecule -- until another substrate molecule arrives to bind to FTase. Such a mechanism is highly unusual for an enzyme that is not 'processive,' said Beese. Such processive enzymes, she explained, act on a succession of molecules; an example is the cell's protein-making machinery. "That was an absolu...New mouse model shows how news of pathogen reaches immune system
...the dendritic cells to the surface. Once the cargo arrives on the surface, it can presumably alert a T cell to fight the infection. For these experiments, graduate student Amy Chow, first author of the paper, used a virus to genetically tag mouse stem cells in culture and turn them into dendritic cells in a ...Discovery of chromosome-capping activator could aid cancer research
... telomeres are made. At a critical point, the Est1 arrives and binds to both the telomere and the enzyme, activating the capping process. Previously, scientists had thought that Est1 was a fixed part of the telomerase bundle and played only a minor role in its activity. "This is really a shift in the way we...'Vigilant vector' could insert genes that sense, prevent heart attacks
...iology. It just waits there until the right moment arrives to help the person. Other researchers have used so-called antisense genes to prevent high blood pressure. The UF team applied the same concept to heart attacks, said Phillips, who also is an associate vice president of research and graduate progr...Scientist probes fossil oddity: Giant redwoods near North Pole
... of difference between the chemistry of water that arrives at a certain location after being transported [in ...nces over land versus the chemistry of water that arrives at a place after being transported over water or not being transported very far. Jahren and co-autho......ins. Only if a protein messenger from another cell arrives in time to call off the killing, will the cell then mature into any one of the various types of body cells, such as skin, liver and brain. But how these protein messengers command cells to survive has remained a mystery until now. For the first time...