Three-D images shed light on first steps of RNA synthesis
...ed at the resolution of a few angstroms (a typical atom is roughly two angstroms in diameter). But Darst notes that the crystals his group used did not diffract well enough to produce a high resolution structure. So, he and his colleagues used a novel hybrid approach. "From previous and parallel work in ...Physics tip sheet #13 May 15, 2002
...t a time, the first time such control over neutral atom delivery has been achieved. Physics News Update: http://www.aip.org/enews/physnews/2002/split/589-1.html Meeting abstract: http://www.aps.org/meet/DAMOP02/baps/abs/S380016.html 6) How fit are the surviving fittest? E. M. Rauch, H. Sayama, and Y. ...From nanotechnology to raspberries, Virginia Tech inventions and creations can improve our lives
...notechnology applications. Since the hollow carbon atom also known as a buckeyball was discovered in 1985,...etallofullerenes and their preparation. A nitrogen atom anchors three metal atoms, which are then enclosed inside a fullerene. Luna Innovations has licensed...A green tea extract could help alleviate shortage of livers available for transplant
... demonstrated that production of free radicals, an atom or atom group carrying an unpaired electron and no charge, increased in fatty livers after liver transplanta...Scientists document water molecule movement across cell walls
...tering, the water molecules face with their oxygen atom down the channel. Midstream, they reverse orientation, facing with the oxygen atom up. While passing through the channel, the ballet of water molecules streams through, always enteri...Los Angeles chemist wins national award for thin-film discoveries
..., which can study a monolayer coat on water almost atom by atom, helps scientists better understand how molecules interact to form cell membranes in the body, for example, or can spread as a thin film on the surface of lungs to help with respiration. You can put molecules on a solid surface the same way, ...Michigan State scientists identify chemical come-on of sea lamprey
...nses. High performance liquid chromatography, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and thin-layer chromatography were used to examine the structure of the compounds released by spermiating males. The result: a purified vial of the equivalent of super-powered sea lamprey colo...Oxidative damage to eNOS by tissue peroxynitrite
...e to damage by peroxynitrite, which removes a zinc atom that is complexed to both subunits of the normal eNOS homodimer, leaving an enzyme that operates in the uncoupled mode. The structural change thus favors the production of more superoxide and peroxynitrite, which can damage not just eNOS, but also ot...Physics tip sheet #4 March 13, 2002
...ond-mat/0203139 3) Measuring gravity changes with atom interferometers J. M. McGuirk, G. T. Foster, J. B....guished from changes in gravity. A device based on atom interferometry (in which two beams of cooled atoms are made to interfere with each other) is able to......drogen, in a reaction that creates a third heavier atom and converts some of the original atoms mass into energy. Nuclear fission, the type of reaction currently used in commercial power plants, splits heavy atoms like uranium and releases some of the excess energy stored as mass in the uranium atoms. Sci...How cold! New partnership to use chilled neutrons
... a rangespanning from roughly the size of a single atom to the size of a moleculecomposed of hundreds or thousands ofatoms. The CNBT team is now building a uniqueinstrument with dual capabilities:diffractometry and reflectometry. Itwill detect neutrons that are reflectedor otherwise scattered after striki...Study reveals new information on how viruses enter cells
... a crystal, causing the electrons surrounding each atom to bend the beam. Computers can then be used to interpret this pattern and reconstruct the positions of the atoms. "Because the structure is so complex, we could not crystallize the entire virus structure at once," Rossmann says. "Instead, we cry...Roll call: Study shows how bacteria signal a quorum
...unorthodox approaches to identify the molecule one atom at a time. The search began in 1993 when Princeton... called x-ray crystallography to map out each LuxP atom and found a small pocket that contained a cluster of atoms they knew must be AI2. He then used the n...Potato technology may help move mail
... and balm. The instability causes the extra oxygen atom to want to attach to something, and carbon is its favorite something. Since viruses and bacteria such as anthrax are virtually all carbon, those extra oxygen molecules attach themselves and create carbon dioxide. This oxidation cremates the bacteria....Another transmembrane protein structure solved by Rockefeller scientists
... channel," says MacKinnon. The team wants to see, atom by atom, what transports the chloride ion so well to its destination....Science's Top Ten: nanoscale computing circuits named top scientific advance of 2001
...ntinued this year, with an eye towards a future of atom lasers and ultraprecise measurements. Two French research teams created helium BECs for the first time, and lithium and potassium condensates also debuted. Scientists made strides in manipulating this new state of matter as well, imploding an atomic ...Science: nanoscale 'Trojan Horse' attacks cancer cells from within
...cheinberg. The generator consists of a radioactive atom of actinium chemically harnessed to an antibody th...well. "These are extraordinarily potent drugs. One atom will kill a cell," says Scheinberg. At the same time, the internalization of the generators also hel...Study: tree coring seems to be quicker, cheaper method of measuring radiation
...m has a ratio of 137.88 atoms of 238 for every one atom of 235, Coleman said. The depleted form what is left over after an enrichment process used for making nuclear fuels and bombs has a ratio of about 500 to one. Trees suck up water beneath the ground and store the radioactivity it contains for many y......rays with wavelengths less than the diameter of an atom and energies three trillion times greater than typical radio waves. Each color, or wavelength, interacts with matter in a different way. Radio waves push around free-flowing electrons, generating electrical signals in metal antennae. Microwaves caus...Researchers uncover a piece of nature's secret nitrogen formula
...te ammonia (NH3)-the useful form with one nitrogen atom combined with three hydrogen atoms. "We've shown that this type of iron can stretch nitrogen bonds, but now we want to see how this enzyme goes to the next step and breaks that bond," says Holland. Knowing how Nature so easily pulls nitrogen from the...