UC Irvine researchers discover how airborne sea salt particles may influence air pollution levels
...e into highly reactive chlorine atoms. When these atoms are formed in the presence of pollutants emitted f...Because they're so highly reactive, these chlorine atoms are important in the understanding of the formation and the fate of a number of trace gases vital to...DFG to launch 21 new priority programmes
...Molecular Gases, scientists examine how ultra-cold atoms and molecules interact and how their inner and outer degrees of freedom can be specifically manipulated. Some examples of application areas are atom lasers, atomic clocks or instruments with which the Earth's gravity can be accurately measured. Than......es not transport iron and there are less than five atoms of iron per cell," said Gherardini. To date, Lactobacillus planatarum, a free-living soil bacterium, is the only other organism for which experimental data demonstrate that iron is not required for growth. Apparently, B. burgdorferi belongs to a uni...Molecular structure key to allergies and asthma is identified
... critical for an accurate picture of how the 5,000 atoms in the antibody-receptor structure are assembled. ...ded the crystal with X-rays, which bounced off the atoms within the crystal. By collecting and analyzing this information, Jardetzky and his colleagues deter...Researchers determine improved pattern for artificial light-harvesting molecule
...s that incorporated everything known about the way atoms interact, to see whether there was a certain shape or size of dendrimer that caught and funneled light's energy best. "What surprised us is that there is a point of diminishing returns," says Shapir. Many scientists have envisioned building bigger an...Scientists decipher structure of toxin responsible for botulism
...rd to reconstruct the shape and arrangement of the atoms in the molecule. "Without the intense x-ray beams at the NSLS, it would be very difficult to do this," Swaminathan says. The current studies were on botulinum neurotoxin B, one of seven types produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. Scientists ha......onal images at resolutions so high that individual atoms can be positioned. The 3,000 nucleotides of RNA in the large ribosomal subunit form a compact, complexly folded structure, and its 31 proteins permeate its RNA. Enzymes composed entirely of protein promote virtually all chemical reactions that oc...High-resolution image illuminates catalytic engine of the ribosome
...ubunits that were produced with osmium and iridium atoms attached to act as landmarks. Additional data were...eams. As the x-rays pass through and bounce off of atoms in the crystal, they leave a diffraction pattern, which can then be analyzed to determine the three-...The ultimate pocket protector--radiation detection made easy
...e radioactive element's mass that crash into other atoms like a cue ball in a game of pool. The neutrons are then bounced away in other directions. "It's harder to detect the neutron particles because they don't interact with matter in the same way that the gamma energy does," says Aryaeinejad. He s......made up of two ruthenium (Ru) and one rhodium (Rh) atoms bridged by polyazine ligands has created a light absorber-electron collector-light absorber system. Study of this novel supramolecular complex has involved looking at the properties of this system as electrons are added. "The complex behaves as de......electrons' energy, it is possible to determine the atoms from which they originated. Researchers have routi...nized ultrathin film, which they laced with marker atoms at different depths. When tested on this system, the new method provided depth information with a su...Major new initiative to resolve structure of protein families
...s sent through a protein's crystal. The crystal's atoms cause the incoming photons to be scattered, creating a diffraction pattern that computers can translate into a 3-D image of the protein's structure. Kim and his colleagues will have access to the Berkeley Center for Structural Biology which features...Scientists spot way around cystic fibrosis cells' poor performance, way to improve drug testing
...ers were able to double the flow of ions --charged atoms -- through CFTR channels by adding CAP 70. Beyond the potential for compensating for the disease's effect on target cells, the new work should quickly lead to improved screening of CF therapies, Li says. The traditional way to spot a useful drug, ...Ion microscopy pinpoints drugs inside cancer cells
... sensitivity for detecting isotopes of elements -- atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. "Ion microscopy's high sensitivity makes it an ideal tool for localizing anticancer drugs inside tumor cells," says Subhash Chandra, a senior research associate with Cornell's Department of Chem......can use the ratio of the stable isotopes of oxygen atoms (oxygen-16 and oxygen-18) found in the calcium carbonate to determine water temperature. New material forms on the otolith in a series of growth rings much like those found in trees. When the water is cool, the material accumulates relatively more o...Researchers uncover secret to mass extinction events
...can use the ratio of the stable isotopes of oxygen atoms (oxygen-16 and oxygen-18) found in the calcium carbonate to determine water temperature. New material forms on the otolith in a series of growth rings much like those found in trees. When the water is cool, the material accumulates relatively more ......rce with wavelengths close to the distance between atoms in the crystal being studied. Stroud's group uses ... diffracted x-rays to "see" the exact positions of atoms in the crystal structure....Studies may shed light on link between lack of neurons and SIDS
... currents - electrical streams of ions or group of atoms - involved in neuron communication in the caudal hypothalamus and the ventrolateral medulla of rat brains. In times of hypoxia in adult brains, they found, there is "a significant increase in the persistent sodium current," which is most likely the p...Amazing light emission properties of gold lead to many applications
...er noticed that this fluorescence occurs when gold atoms are arranged in chains and the distance between th..."The gold compound emits fluorescence because gold atoms form linear chains and interact with each other," Fackler says. "The distance between the atoms is v...Scientists track phosphate to better understand global warming
...s, including oxygen isotope analysis. Isotopes are atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and nearly identical chemical behavior but with different atomic masses. Oxygen has several naturally occurring stable isotopes - 16O, 17O and 18O. Because of the differences in mass, the individual i...