Washington-area chemist wins national award for free-radical research
...a, which convey information about not only how the atoms that make up a free radical are arranged but also how they bond to one another. Today, free radicals are commonly associated with molecules that can destroy Earth's ozone layer or damage DNA. But they are also responsible for driving reactions that o...Gene that drives cells to commit suicide also plays key role in development of skeletal muscle
...ecule made up of a phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms and is often used as a way to activate or inactivate various proteins that control signaling pathways in the cell. However, in myoblasts undergoing differentiation, a different, unknown enzyme places phosphate molecules onto FKHR. This normally cont......oated "quantum dots," tiny particles a few tens of atoms in size. The quantum dots are made by Susan Kauzlarich, a professor of chemistry who studies these very small particles. The particles will be tested for antiviral activity by Satya Dandekar, professor and chair of microbiology and immunology at the ...Free-radical model too radical
...that can damage living tissue by grabbing hydrogen atoms off of other molecules, interfering with normal ch...m, which results in the molecule plucking hydrogen atoms from nearby molecules. However, in biological systems, oxygen free-radicals do their work in complex...Physics tip sheet #34 - April 1, 2003
...lements) and 1.5% comes from the CNO cycle (carbon atoms causing nitrogen and oxygen atoms to enter fusion reactions). However, until now, there has been no real demonstration about how much ...What makes the body absorb too much iron?
...intestinal molecule, called Cybrd1. Normally iron atoms carry three positive charges; in that form they can't be brought into cells. Cybrd1's job is to reduce the number of charges to two, making iron transportable. If it were active all the time, a lot more of the body's iron would be absorbable. When it...Argonne research offers clues to Alzheimer's plaques
...bling them to measure the distances between carbon atoms with a precision down to two-tenths of an Angstrom...rt, by weak bonding between corresponding hydrogen atoms along each peptide molecule. These strands gently twist in a clockwise direction to form the helical...Bucket with two ears catches DNA
...which indicated the distance between the nuclei of atoms in the protein. With this information she then calculated the structure of the Cold Shock domain. Furthermore, Kloks determined the strength of the binding to the DNA. The Cold Shock domain alone formed weak bonds to the DNA. This did not agree with ...Green tea boosts antimicrobial properties of toothpaste
...ntioxidants that protect human cells from reactive atoms (free radicals) that are responsible for body tissue damage. "Flavorids" are a group of polyphenols that occur naturally in tea. It is suspected that the concentration level of these polyphenols in the body is responsible for the beneficial propertie...Automated imaging of brain tissue, high-quality glimpses inside arteries
... nano-corpuscle, a cluster of tens to thousands of atoms or molecules, is irradiated with a high intensity laser. The laser ionizes the nano-corpuscle and sweeps away the electrons, leaving behind the positively charged core which subsequently explodes due to the repulsive coulomb force of the positively c...Collaboration at EMSL produces innovative mass spectrometer
...try Facility. Mass spectrometers are used to weigh atoms and molecules. This can be done with a precision of one part in five million, which, when applied to the human cell, will enable scientists to learn a great deal about how the cell works. "And once scientists fully understand how human cells work, th...The 'fixed' hotspot that created Hawaii was not stationary after all, study finds
...elements potassium and argon. When a rock forms, atoms of potassium start decaying into argon at a consta...By measuring the number of potassium-derived argon atoms in the samples, researchers were able to estimate that the submerged volcanoes formed some 47 millio...Physics tip sheet #36 - July 30, 2003
...ic layer by using the natural self-organization of atoms at surfaces. More complex structures, such as nanorings, are also possible, and researchers hope to be able to one day use these methods to build complex semiconductor devices. Journal article: Available to journalists on request...Researchers solve structure of key drug target
...ing the pattern of x-ray diffraction caused by the atoms in the protein. Kaback said that he and his colleagues spent many frustrating years attempting to crystallize the normal, or "wild-type," LacY protein -- an excruciatingly difficult process given the complexity and "floppiness" of the molecule. Meanw...Common nutrients fed to pregnant mice altered their offspring's coat color
...es in utero." During DNA methylation, a quartet of atoms -- called a methyl group attaches to a gene at a specific point and alters its function. Methylation leaves the gene itself unchanged. Instead, the methyl group conveys a message to silence the gene or reduce its expression inside a given cell. Such...Purdue researchers expose 'Docking Bay' for viral attack
...lography, needed for high-resolution images of the atoms within them. Each of the three researchers contributed some of the technology necessary for the analysis, which eventually revealed the structure of the baseplate. "There are several steps a virus takes to infect a host cell," Rossmann said. "Scienti...Scientists map signaling molecule crucial to survival, disease
...y composed of one phosphorous atom and four oxygen atoms changes the chemical nature of the amino acid, which in turn changes the protein's shape and prompts a new interaction with a second protein. "Every cellular process is controlled at some level by protein phosphorylation," Knight said. "It is the l...UCLA receives NSF award for plasma research
...ection of free moving electrons and ions. Ions are atoms that have lost their electrons. Plasma in stars and space makes up more than 99 percent of the visible universe. The planet Earth is made up of ordinary matter -- solids, liquids and gases -- but it is surrounded by the space plasma that begins to ap...Army awards up to $50 million to establish Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies
...nformation age--behaves like carbon in the way its atoms connect. Morse and his colleagues discovered that ...mi-synthetic proteins and their newly incorporated atoms provide new functionality including controlled mechanical properties and enhanced thermal and chemic...