Catching evolution's henchmen in the act
...as a mountain range or river system in acting as a barrier to reproduction that among individuals of the same species. Mothers pass Wolbachia on to their offspring, but nobody understands how the bacteria jump between species. Sequencing more Wolbachia genes and studying the bacteria's reproductive effects ...Story tips from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, November 2003
...nits. As with other types of fuel cells, cost is a barrier to widespread use, but PEM fuel cells also must address power density because space under the hood is very limited in today's vehicles. These barriers could be overcome, however, as Mike Brady of ORNL's Metals & Ceramics Division has developed a new ...JCI Table of Contents, November 3, 2003
... similar to that in control mice, the permeability barrier function and the composition of ceramides were sig...of ceramide composition is important in epithelial barrier function. TITLE : Alteration of the 4-sphingenine scaffolds of ceramides in keratinocyte-specific ...High heart risk for lupus patients linked to death of cells lining blood vessels
...opalan, since endothelial cells serve an important barrier function, and make nitric oxide that regulates blood vessel dilation and contraction and blood flow. Rajagopalan and Kaplan, along with a team of U-M colleagues, suspected something must be damaging the endothelial cell layer in order to cause cardi...Researchers describe new technique for cataloging RNA targets in rare brain disease
...response that makes its way across the blood-brain barrier and disrupts the normal function of brain cells. The brain is known as an "immune-privileged" site, meaning that proteins expressed only in the brain are not screened by the immune system as it goes through the process of learning which proteins are ...Can EPO prevent loss of brain function in schizophrenia?
...opoietin reach the brain via an intact blood-brain barrier following intravenous application? (2) Can erythropoietin binding sites be detected in the brains of schizophrenic patients? (3) Can cognitive functioning be benefited by erythropoietin treatment in schizophrenic patients? The authors addressed these...Ocean life depends on single circulation pattern in Southern Hemisphere
...ace in the Antarctic Ocean where the density layer barrier is weak and ships it north. The water sinks again in the Northern Hemisphere and starts over. The researchers discovered a chemical signature (the presence of high nitrate and low silicate levels) that is unique to this nutrient carrier, which is cal...Scientist challenges interpretation of new find, the oldest primate fossil ever discovered
...ave been possible due to a transcontinental marine barrier that ran from north to south down the middle of Eurasia at the time. Now, the presence of closely related Teilhardina species in China and Belgium adds to mounting evidence that primates and other mammals were able to migrate directly between Europe ...Gene-disabling techniques simplified by Stanford team
...g problems in the cell. The key to overcoming this barrier was a newly available enzyme that snips potential siRNA molecules into 21-subunit lengths. A further step copied these short snippets into a form that could be inserted into a DNA circle called a plasmid. When the researchers put a single plasmid int...Looking beyond biodiversity to explain community invasibility
...cal studies suggest that diversity is an effective barrier to plant invasion. However, these studies may be l...uestion the ubiquity of diversity as an ecological barrier to invasion, and suggests that each invasion has its own, unique suite of factors that constrain suc...Immerge reports PERVs most infectious to human cells not part of germ-line DNA of mini-swine
...infection in humans has been considered a critical barrier to xenotransplantation. To address this barrier, Immerge BioTherapeutics Inc. has developed a broad safety program with a number of international experts collaborators. "PERV research is an important part of our research and development program" sta...University of Minnesota professors to speak at symposium on international trade
...e United States and the European Union are a major barrier to institutional reform and therefore growth, U.S. policies ultimately help keep these countries poor. Phillips will discuss several topics, including trade disputes between Europe and the United States; evolution of resistance to pesticides made by ...Mix of chemicals plus stress damages brain, liver in animals and likely in humans
...ions of the brain where its protective blood-brain barrier was still intact. The latter finding suggests that the chemicals permeated the protective barrier in one region, then leaked into other regions of the brain where the barrier remained intact. The ab...Aquatic scientists divided on role of sea lice from salmon farms in decline of native salmon in B.C.
... farmers to grow fish in facilities that provide a barrier to the marine environment." A barrier would prevent transfer of disease and parasites between the farmed and wild fish. Because of concern...Study suggests possible way to repair damaged nerve cells
...ng up with a compound that crosses the blood-brain barrier is difficult," Giehl said. "If we create a molecule to keep p75 and proNGF from binding, we may be able to develop a therapy for patients." The researchers examined brain and spinal cord tissue from healthy rats and mice and compared them to tissu...New approach limits damage after heart attack and improves survival, say Scripps Research scientists
...ak down. "Src inhibitors prevent the endothelial barrier breakdown, thereby preventing the edema in the heart. This early protection reduces the loss of cardiac tissue and thus the necessity for replacement by a functionally inadequate scar," Cheresh says. The research article "Src blockade stabilizes a ...Researchers make major gain in understanding how prions jump species
...rion propagation in mammals, including the species barrier and strain diversity, can be reproduced in a test tube using a highly purified protein, a finding that provides a strong support for the hypothesis that mad cow disease and related disorders are caused by prion proteins only. Prion diseases, also kno...Researchers report definitive evidence that HIV-AIDS is not from oral polio vaccine
...fected humans, when and how SIV jumped the species barrier has not been definitively determined. The researchers found and sequenced genetic material from a new strain of SIV present in wild chimpanzees in the Kisangani region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The new SIV is not the one from which H...New research at UNC shows ribosomes do not function as conventional enzymes
...terized by lowering the enthalpy of the activation barrier and has often been observed. "In our present work... she said. "Malte did this by comparing the energy barrier of the reaction when the ribosome was present, and I did it when the ribosome was not present." The ......to that question may be elusive, the 20-amino acid barrier is far from absolute. In some rare instances, in fact, certain organisms have evolved the ability to use the unusual amino acids selenocysteine and pyrrolysine -- slightly modified versions of the amino acids cysteine and lysine. These rare except...