New Tests Demonstrate MuchLarger, More Specific Immune Responses To Viruses
...ough it is well known that T cells multiply in the body in responseto viral infection, it has been difficult to measure the number of cells andexactly what they are responding to. The most common assay used to measure theresponse, the limiting dilution analysis (LDA) has led scientists to believethat onl......can be found constitutively in most tissues of the body lack in the normal central nervous system. Only under pathological conditions they are induced, most prominently in microglial cells that represent the major APC of the brain. Not only inflammatory lesions to th...Molecular Key To Heart Failure Development
...ce and speed ofthe heart's beat, thus enabling the body to deal with stress, anxiety andexercise. "It turns out that the beta-adrenergic receptor system is very abnormal inheart failure," Rockman explains, noting that studies conducted in the 1980sshowed the system functions at "half the normal level...Master Molecule Forms Brains In Frogs And Elbows In Mice
...here is either too much or too little bone for the body to handle, such as osteoporosis. Harland's most re...biologists call a "default fate" to proceed as the body intended, resulting in the formation of the appropriate tissue in the appropriate place. In particul...Obesity Gene: Possible Link To Heart Disease Risk
... Its product, leptin, acts as asignal to help the body decide when it has eaten enough food to feel full....of leptin in the blood has been directly linked to body fat. This study is the first to associate leptin elevations in the blood withso-called ins...Naked DNA Rejuvenates Rheumatoid Rodents
...e side effects associated with exposing the entire body to high levels of TGF-. It was clear to Drs. Song... best way to get the right amount of TGF- into the body andultimately deliver its positive effects to the joints. The plasmid gene couldproduce a low-level...Potential Solutions For Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone" Explored
...ents cause hypoxia, or the depletion of oxygenin a body of water. Hypoxia in the Gulf stems from human act...s, such as nitrogen and phosphorus,accumulate in a body of water and cause algae to flourish into algal blooms.These blooms thrive on nitrates and phosphate...Penn Researchers Invent World's First Device To Rapidly Assess Lung Function
...inical setting." To function normally, the body relies on the lungs to obtainboth a steady supply of oxygen and to eliminate carbon dioxidegenerated by metabolism. Abnormalities in the lungs causeunbalanced exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which resultin pulmonary distress. Currently, cli...Excess Thiamine May Help Tumor Growth, Research Shows
...amine because thevitamin is water-soluble, and the body eliminates what it doesn’t need. This study indicates, however, that excess thiamine may contribute to tumor-cellproliferation and to the development of chemotherapy resistance by tumors. “Cancer patients should be evaluated for their thia...Increased Interest In "Smart" Materials Is Reported
...edrugs, such as blood pressure medications, as the body needs them. Smart materials may also save lives by preventing accidents. Demonstrationmodels of bridges containing smart materials have been built in San Diego andother cities. Embedded in the structure of the bridges, these materials cansense...New Technology Deposits Bone-Regenerating Materials On The Surface Of Implants
...e of biologically active materials,and the way the body responds to them. Such "bioactive" materials can...cations, and serve as a "scaffolding" on which the body cangrow new tissue. Dr. Campbell said the importance of biomaterials science has accelerated inrece...Taking The "Ouch" Out Of Needles: Arrays Of "Microneedles" Offer New Technique For Drug Delivery
...fordelivering drugs continuously or in response to body needs. Produced withfabrication techniques origina... underthe skin cause local inflammation, or if the body reacts to the needle materialitself. Using existing silicon material, the tips of a very small numb...Body Building: Tissue Engineered Organs A Heartbeat Away
...in a culture andplanting them on a material in the body (used to create bone or skinsubstitutes) or implanting material in the body which then induces a specificresponse such as tissue regeneration (used to induce the formation of n...International Research Team Announces Discovery Of Two Species Of Feathered Dinosaurs
... visible on the fossil, suggesting that most ofits body was feather-covered. Unlike Archaeopteryx - long ...turity when it died. LikeCaudipteryx, most of its body was probably covered with feathers, although noevidence of wing-feathers was preserved. The relativ...New Biomaterial Has 'Star' Power
...ering a high concentration of drugs throughout the body or to a specific target," Keys says. The star... a dialysis-type procedure, or perhaps work in the body to move these substances away from danger areas, such as the aorta. Peppas says another future ...USGS Scientists Find New Invasive Fish Species In Florida
...migrate short distances across land from one water body to another. Swamp eels, which reach lengths of three feet or more, are predators, feeding on animals such as worms, insects, shrimp, crayfish, other fishes and frogs. Yet, said Nico, the eels are also able to survive weeks -- and possibly months -- w...Feature: Biomaterials Are Transforming Medicine
...deliver macromolecular drugs like albumin into the body and at acontrolled rate over a period of time. Since then, biomaterials have enabled the slow release of ever-largerbioengineered proteins into the body, with release times ranging from one day tomore than three years. Products like Lupron ...... in large numbers. In fact, it's wasteful for the body tomaintain such a high number of these cells, and ...or a very long time, which indicates to usthat the body is adjusting to some sort of normal state," commented Dr. Rinaldo. These findings raised th...... because platelets are oneof the only cells in the body that don't have nuclei, thereby useless forstudies in which genetic manipulation of a protein is necessary. In a paper inthe June 12 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Bennett's teamdescribes a new technique in which they have successfully...... enteral supplementson protein and energy intakes, body composition, energy expenditure, andgastrointestin...virus--associated weight loss (12.7 ± 0.9% of body wt). We also determined whethera stable--isotope mass spectrometric measurement at baseline might pr...