JCI table of contents September 15, 2004
... body called pros-tanoids, which are made from the breakdown of arachidonic acid by the action of an enzyme called COX have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. The role of prostanoids in inflammation is well known, based on studies of aspirin-like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whic...Picking prostanoids to provide protection
... body called pros-tanoids, which are made from the breakdown of arachidonic acid by the action of an enzyme called COX have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. The role of prostanoids in inflammation is well known, based on studies of aspirin-like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whic...Protein is key to fatal disorder and normal cell function
...lipid, or complex fat molecule, within a cell. The breakdown of this transportation system results in uncontrolled apoptosis, or cell death, and the neural degeneration that is a hallmark of Batten disease. "Genetic diseases such as Batten disease provide a unique opportunity to understand the role of proteins...Disruption of protein-folding causes neurodegeneration, mental retardation
...s beta-galactosidase, the enzyme needed for normal breakdown and recycling of GM1, this lipid accumulates and causes gangliosidosis. Until now, the mechanism by which excess GM1 in lysosomes causes GM1 gangliosidosis was unknown. The St. Jude team demonstrated that the buildup of GM1 in the lysosomes causes a ...Carnegie Mellon scientists reveal ways of studying, resolving PCB contamination in US rivers
...for the first time that PCBs undergo no biological breakdown whatsoever in river sediments with low but detecta...r record-keeping has confused efforts to track PCB breakdown at different sites. Now, in a statistical tour-de-force, Carnegie Mellon scientists have developed a...PCB breakdown in rivers depends on sediment-specific bacteria, find Carnegie Mellon U. scientists
...s that different bacterial populations play in PCB breakdown by identifying the kinds of microbes in river sedi...ould be added to river sediments to accelerate the breakdown of PCBs in situ, without having to dredge a river. Should dredging be needed, their research also co...Newly discovered protein may be key to muscular dystrophy
...tent effects. It was thought that normal enzymatic breakdown of acetylcholine was so effective that a transporter wasn't needed to clear excess acetylcholine from the synapse. But the scientists found that during periods of intense muscle activity, a transporter must clear acetylcholine from the synapse. ...New clues to hereditary blinding disease found
...e fact that it is so susceptible to misfolding and breakdown based on the level of zinc could open new frontiers of research for many diseases." Hwa and colleagues discovered a cluster of RP mutations localized within and around the area where zinc is supposed to bind with rhodopsin. They investigated differe...Putting energy into heart protection
...nisms for glucose uptake were intact, nor did they breakdown fatty acids to replenish ATP. Once blood flow returned, contractile function in the left ventrical of the mutant mice was impaired. The authors found that there was an increased amount of cell death in these tissues, both through necrosis and progra...JCI table of contents, 16 August, 2004
...nisms for glucose uptake were intact, nor did they breakdown fatty acids to replenish ATP. Once blood flow returned, contractile function in the left ventricle of the mutant mice was impaired. The authors found that there was an increased amount of cell death in these tissues, both through necrosis and progra...You are what you eat: New insight into autophagy
...of a cell are sequestered and digested so that the breakdown products can be used as a nutrient source. Now, adding to information about autophagy in single-celled organisms, two research papers published in the August issue of Developmental Cell shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in the...LBP-1a gene mutation linked to disruption of normal fetal development
...y survive by exchanging gases, nutrients and toxic breakdown products of food with their outside environment, the amniotic fluid. But embryos lacking LBP-1a failed to produce the extensive network of blood vessels that extends into the part of the developing placenta called the labyrinthine layer and mingles w...JCI table of contents, 2 August, 2004
...tumor-bearing mice loss occurred through a protein breakdown process. The authors suggest that the choice of wh...rotection against atherosclerosis. By injecting a breakdown product of low-density lipoprotein into mouse models for atherosclerosis, the authors found that an ......tumor-bearing mice loss occurred through a protein breakdown process. The authors suggest that the choice of which mechanism reduces the amount of myosin heavy chain in cachexia may be related to the specific factor that is mediating muscle wasting. The identification that myosin heavy chain is such a selectiv...Misfiring proteins tied to inflammation and sick feeling of type 2 diabetics
...sistance. Now Freund is asking what this signaling breakdown in the insulin receptor substrate does in patients. "Such knowledge would be applicable to many other diseases that involve inflammation and subsequent illness behavior," he said. The growing list of findings has led to a five-year $1.56 million gra...... missing a gene for a protein whose function is to breakdown cAMP in the developing egg. This gene is called cy...at in the developing eggsin the absence of any PDE breakdown of cAMP, that cAMP levels were substantially higher and that the developing eggs were frozen at a st...JCI Table of Contents, 15 July 2004
...t in the developing eggs in the absence of any PDE breakdown of cAMP, cAMP levels were substantially higher and that the developing eggs were frozen at a stage just prior to the completion of meiosis. The researchers then showed that by blocking the activity of another protein in the cAMP molecular signaling ...Acamprosate: potential medication for treating alcoholism
...es for treating alcoholism. Disulfiram blocks the breakdown in the liver of an alcohol metabolite called acetaldehyde. The resulting buildup leads to flushing, nausea, vomiting, headache and a general feeling of lousiness. The underlying rationale is that a person will begin to associate unpleasant conseque...Brain serotonin enzyme finding might explain psychiatric disorders
...ication among neurons stalls. SSRIs counteract the breakdown by slowing the re-uptake of serotonin, allowing the body to make the best use of abnormally low levels of the chemical messenger, the researchers explained. Scientists had long considered the enzyme known as tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1) to be the so......teoclasts (the bone cells that responsible for the breakdown of bone material) are responsible for PAF's mechanism of action. In addition, when mice were treated with a molecule that inhibits PAF receptor function, bone resorption was also reduced. These data indicate that inhibition of PAF activity presents a...