When Genes "Breed" In The Lab, A Suprising Number Of Their Offspring Are Supergenes
...eginning to be realised. The parent genes arefirst broken into fragments by shattering their DNA with ultrasound, or cuttingthem up with an enzyme called DNAse. They are reassembled into daughter genes,comprising fragments from several parents, using a variant of the DNA-buildingpolymerase chain reaction. S...Tumor Protein Structure Found At Cornell
... the drug binds to the protein. Because TNP-470 is broken down quickly in the body, researchers are trying todevelop improved versions. The Cornell research, by showing precisely how thedrug fits into the protein, is an important step for pharmaceutical designers tosynthesize better drugs, Clardy says. Int...New Test Spots ALD Carriers With Near-Perfect Accuracy
...red faulty enzymes that prevented VLCFAs frombeing broken down in the body, says Cutting. When the gene's defective, thefatty acids clog cells. Their buildup is probably a key source of problems inadrenoleukodystrophy. But more recent studies show instead that the normal gene instructscells to m...Fewer Songbirds May Be Result Of Forest Fragmentation Across The American South, New Study Suggests
...decline. As large sections of contiguousforest are broken into tracts, birds experience a loss of habitat for nestingand foraging, but the problem is even more insidious. Fragmentation can alsocreate avenues in which predators are virtually funneled to nesting sites. Whilethere have been studies in the Midw...Four More Lemurs To Be Released Into Madagascar Jungle This Fall
... itself endangered. And in July, Janusdied from a broken neck, apparently from a fall. "We were extremely disappointed, but both incidences came well after wehad released the animals into the forest," said Welch. According to Welch, ifthe deaths had come early after the release, the researchers mi...Birds Of A Feather: The Physics Of Flocks
... an example of what physicists call "spontaneously broken symmetry"--theunmagnetized material has properties that are the same in every direction andphysicists would therefore say it possesses "symmetry." But chilling thematerial below its Curie temperature breaks the symmetry, as the atomsspontaneously ch...Hopkins Study Reveals Key Details On How We Get Energy
...s in mushroom-like clusters. When food is broken down or metabolized for energy, the last stages ofthe process occur within the mitochondria. The ATP synthase molecule, has two parts. Recently, scientists in Japandiscovered that one part, the "mushroom stem," apparently rotates within the...USGS Scientists Learn Lessons From Captive Released Manatees
...o early to tell,but the birth of her calf may have broken this pattern of behavior, assuringGeorgia of a future in the wild, as well as a place in manatee history. As the nation's largest water, earth and biological science and civilian mappingagency, the USGS works in cooperation with more than 2,000 organ...Putting Doesn't Pollute, Research Finds
...examined where thefungicides went before they were broken down. They discovered that thefungicides don't wash off into the surface water or travel into the groundwater. "The reality of any fungicide application to dense turf is that most of thefungicides doesn't reach the ground," Turco says. "About 90 ...Duke Studies Show That Environmental Effects Of Dams Extend To Insect Life
...osimulate what happens to forest habitats that get broken into "islands" by suchland-bound activities as agricultural conversion into fields and pastures. "Generally, it's been found that when chunks of land get separated,dramatic ecological changes take place in the fragments, generally leading to...... (string-likemolecules that make up genes) becomes broken into small pieces. Each gene inDNA carries the information required to produce one specific protein. When thegene is expressed, or "switched on," the protein is made. During apoptosis,genes are activated that encode "killer proteins," and these pr...Scientists Discover New Players On The Gene-Activation Team
...by powerful histone proteins, whose grip has to be broken before a genecan loosen up enough to be turned on by another kind of molecule, the transcriptionenzyme RNA polymerase. "RNA polymerase turns a gene on by attaching toit and moving along its length, making an RNA copy of its DNA code," Workmanexplains...Studies Suggest Cold Can Protect Valuable Papers
...million years for half the bonds incellulose to be broken and 5 million years for half the bonds in starch todecompose. By contrast, the half-lives of the covalent bonds that join DNA - themolecular blueprints for living things -- are 170,000 years and for proteins,400 years. "In the presence of enz...Purdue Golf Course Serves Double Duty As Research Lab
... the plant material, along with the chemicals, is broken down by the microbes. The Purdue Kampen course borders a four-lane highway, and across the highway is a mix of businesses and residences, including a gas station and a motel. As rain falls, the runoff moves from the neighborhood through the g...Scientists Identify New Gene That Controls Sleep/Wake Cycle
...f PER ispostponed because PER proteins are rapidly broken down in the cytoplasm whenthey are not paired with TIM. The new gene, double-time , regulates this process. Young and co-workers named double-time after the way in which it affects thelength of the fly's daily cycle. Both fruit flies and humans ha...Scientists Learn How Cells Limit Their Stress
...newly madeproteins from clumping together or being broken down before they can fold upinto their final shape or be threaded through internal membranes to the cellularcompartment where they are needed. "Chaperones play an essential, normal role in regulating protein equilibrium,the balance between synthesis ...Third Annual Awards For Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Recognize Innovations
...of burning materials, yet is rapidlyand completely broken down by bacteria in the environment. It contains noozone-depleting halons, nor fluorsurfactants or glycol ethers, both of whichcan contaminate groundwater resources for years. Currently, firefightersrelease millions of tons of such chemical extinguis......roduced at a temperature of 37oC, half of them are broken down within 10 hours. Reducing the temperature to 32oC slows down this process considerably, even though the viruses are produced just as quickly. This means that it is possible to produce far more virus particles. Temperatures above and below 32oC m......fers Hope To Stroke Victims A PROTEIN which helps broken bones and damaged kidneys to heal now looks asthough it may speed the recovery of stroke patients. It works by rewiring theconnections around damaged brain cells. There is also a chance that the proteinmay be able to improve memory in Alzheimer's pa...