What actually influences air pollution over the Indian Ocean?
...portant component of tropospheric chemistry, which catalyzes ozone production and influences hydroxyl radicals, the "detergent" of the atmosphere. The main maritime NOx sources are long-range transport of continental emissions, lightning and ships. The new data show pronounced, semi-regular plumes of nitrogen ...Research reveals role of gene in infertility
...for a type of enzyme known as a recombinase, which catalyzes the swapping, or "crossover," of DNA sections between very similar, or "homologous" chromosomes. At conception, an individual inherits one copy of a chromosome from its father and another very similar but not exactly identical copy from its mother. ...Oxygen sensing in worms may hold key to healthy blood pressure in humans
...a human cell it activates guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP, a protein that relaxes and dilates blood vessels. The ability of guanylate cyclase to sense and interact with nitric oxide also plays a prominent role in the central nervous system, in particular in the brain. Nitric oxid...Basic RNA enzyme research promises single-molecule biosensors
...is to selectively turn on a ribozyme molecule that catalyzes a reaction to generate a product that gives off a specific fluorescent signal only when a particular type of molecule binds. "When you can do that on the single-molecule level, as we can do now, then you have the smallest possible biosensor," Walter...Study reveals poor Houston air quality
..., animals and humans. During the daytime, sunlight catalyzes ozone formation from volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides emitted from cars. Zhang's study, which was funded by the Texas Air Research Center and NASA, shows the city must take steps to curb its air pollution problems. "There are around 5 m...For the sake of land and climate, coaxing soil to soak up carbon
...d the activity of tyrosinase, a common enzyme that catalyzes soil's natural "humification" process. This process involves the gradual incorporation of carbon from dead plants and microbes into stable organic matter called humus, which is responsible for the dark color in many soils. Tyrosinase increases the re...JCI table of contents, 15 March 2004
...e induction of BCCs. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes conversion of ornithine to putrescine and is induced by solar ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. This enzymatic reaction leads to the production of higher levels of polyamines, which are critical for normal and neoplastic cell growth. As ODC activity is highe...GAD2 as a candidate gene for obesity
... the genes in the region, codes for an enzyme that catalyzes the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that stimulates appetite, and is therefore an interesting candidate. Screening genomic data on 575 obese subjects and 646 controls for different GAD2 alleles, Froguel and colleagues identified...Role in Type 1 diabetes provides clue for researchers who discovered 'obesity gene'
... believe that GAD2 produces the protein GAD65 that catalyzes the production of a neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus that stimulates or suppresses appetite. Lermark says that several years ago, he and his colleagues in Sweden found that some obese people had antibodies to GAD65. This finding remained unexplai...Discoveries made about cellular reaction processes from ancient life
...s gamma-linked glutamate bonds. Her article, "CofE catalyzes the addition of two glutamates to F 420-0 in F 420 coenzyme biosynthesis in Methanococcus jannaschii" is forthcoming in the journal Biochemistry. "Our initial interest in how F 420 is made led to discovery of one new enzyme in sarcinpterin and tw...Enhancing the nutritional value of soybeans
...As may limit their use. Anthranilate synthase (AS) catalyzes one of the key steps in the biosynthetic pathway for tryptophan production in plants. To increase tryptophan content in soybean seeds, a variant of the maize AS gene that is insensitive to tryptophan inhibition was expressed in soybean using a seed ...Researchers determine how 'hospital staph' resists antibiotics
... This enzyme -- called atranspeptidase -- normally catalyzes the cross-linking of structural moleculesin the bacterial cell wall. Blocking PBP with methicillin weakens the cellwall, which ultimately bursts, killing the bacterium. However, a methicillin-resistant strain of the bacteria has evolved that hasacqu...Rare form of gene discourages alcohol dependence among Jews
...ive form of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in alcohol metabolism. However, explains lead author Deborah Hasin, Ph.D., from Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, "the exact reason why ADH2*2 tends to discourage heavier drinking isn't known." "Recently...Research identifies enzyme involved in fat storage
...me called stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). SCD-1 catalyzes the production of monounsaturated fats from fatty acids in the liver and other tissues. Genetically obese ( ob/ob ) mice are overweight and show low levels of fat metabolism. In the absence of leptin, the level of SCD-1 rises and more fat is stored i...UC Riverside scientists report molecular switch assists plant survival in floods
...zyme ADH, which Bailey Serres's group has studied, catalyzes this final step in the ethanol production process. "When a plant cell has oxygen, there is little ADH made by the cell," said Bailey-Serres. "But when the oxygen supply decreases, the cell needs to make this enzyme. Our group has long puzzled over ...Megavitamins may help treat many genetic diseases, could tune up everyone's metabolism
...yme, thereby reducing the rate at which the enzyme catalyzes a molecular reaction. Saturating the body with high doses of the appropriate vitamin increases coenzyme levels to overcome the binding defect and boost the reaction rate towards normal. "These 50 diseases are just the tip of the iceberg," Ames said. ...Microbe first to break down PCBs
... are found at many industrial sites. The bacterium catalyzes dechlorination of PCBs. Until recently, few bacteria species had been described by scientists that "reduce" chlorinated organic molecules of any kind. Today several are known. However, the bacterium in UMBI/ MUSC study is the first found to break the...Vitamin deficiency may exacerbate motor neuron disease
...on. They plan to begin looking for the enzyme that catalyzes attachment of methyl groups to the protein targets of SMN. Those studies, he said, could help reveal the regulatory pathway in a key cellular process that may extend to other proteins and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system....Welch honors Kornberg for insights into DNA transcription
...ture of RNA Polymerase II the complex enzyme that catalyzes the transcription process and is considered one of the most important proteins in biology. In doing so, he and his team captured the image of the substance in the act of transcribing DNA. These discoveries set the stage for further research that will...... rejected. Once the tRNA is accepted, the ribosome catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the growing protein chain and the new amino acid, lengthening it by one. The process stops when the end of the gene is reached. The ribosome consists of two halves - a small or "30S" subunit which binds messe...