New mechanism for display of foreign proteins to immune system
...equires cysteine proteases and not proteosomes for chopping up proteins. The researchers went on to show that the cysteine protease Cat S plays a major role in generating presented proteins for the TAP-independent pathway of crosspresentation and contributes to immunity to viruses and transplanted tissues. "W...New method for determining age of artifacts fills chronological gap for scientists
... of quartz is fractured. When a statue or a common chopping tool or hand ax is made, the surface is chipped, flaked, fractured or polished. Over time, water diffuses into the freshly exposed surface forming a hydration layer. The thickness of this layer can then be measured by a nitrogen particle beam to dete...HIV finds new way to play hide and seek
..., apparently, alter its sequence so that the human chopping proteins can no longer grab onto the viral protein...tem, but also to the nearby regions that allow the chopping proteins to do their work. ...Young plant's natural defenses amount to more than just its seed
... known enzyme, called COP1, thought to promote the chopping up of proteins. "AFP takes ABI5 by the hand and brings it to protein-destruction factories located in the cell's nucleus. From this moment on, the plant can resume growth," saysMongrand. Futhermore, the discovery that AFP is expressed in tandem wit...Cancer squeezes through the gaps
... cells move around the body (become metastatic) by chopping up the dense matrix that surrounds them. But drugs that prevent the chopping have been disapointing in animal and human anti-cancer trials. Now researchers provide an explanatio...MIT sugars research affecting bypass patients, drug industry
...cular weight heparins are essentially generated by chopping up heparin in a blender, which results in a mixture of large and small pieces with different amounts of active sites, or areas key to anticoagulation," said Sasisekharan, an associate professor in MIT's Biological Engineering Division. As a result, t...Scientists at Scripps Research develop new technology to map spread of malarial drug resistance
...ion involves taking DNA from the malaria parasite, chopping it into fragments, and plopping the mixture of fragmented DNA on a "gene chip"-- a glass or silicon wafer that has thousands of short pieces of DNA attached to it. DNA chips have become a standard tool for genomics research in the last couple of yea...First practical test for monitoring shark trade
Shark finning -- chopping off the fins and tossing the rest -- is increasing worldwide to satisfy the demand for shark fin soup. But tracking this trade is hard because isolated fins generally look the same. Now there is a new way to identify sharks from just their fins. "We...Sandia Decontamination Foam May Be Tomorrow's Best First Response In A Chem-Bio Attack
...or sulfide bonds holdingthe molecules together and chopping the molecules into nontoxic pieces.How the foam kills spores -- bacteria in a rugged, dormant state -- still is notwell understood, Tucker adds. The researchers suspect the surfactants poke holesin the spore's protein armor, allowing the oxidizing ag...Chopping And Cooking Affect Garlic's Anti-Cancer Activity
...ong said that the 10-minute "standing period"after chopping or crushing the garlic enables an enzyme naturally present incertain garlic cells to come in contact with and act on chemicals in othercells. Chopping or crushing the garlic opens the cells and enables the enzyme tostart a reaction that produces chem...Ribozymes To The Rescue: New UF Gene Therapy Shows Promise For Treatment Of Inherited Blindness
... ribozyme manufactured in the laboratory, works by chopping up genetic messengers before they deliver the instructions of a mutant gene. "This is the first case we know of where ribozymes have been used to correct a disease in an animal in a way that realistically could be used in humans," said Alfred S. Lew...Mr. Ples Throws Scientists Into A Tizzy
...d on two legs, ate toughvegetation, made primitive chopping tools and lived in a well-wooded, wetterAfrica from about 3.5 to 2.5 million years ago. Conroy and colleagues named the fossil Mr. Ples because it came fromSterkfontein, the same site as Mrs. Ples, the first virtually complete adultaustralopi...... most othersurfaces in the home, including kitchen chopping boards, tap handles and sinks. Pat Rusin and her colleagues at the University of Arizona in Tucsonmonitored the bacteria living in 15 Tucson homes. In the final third of the30-week study, Rusin's team gave the homeowners household bleach and ...