Medicinal Leech May Offer Clues To Neural Regeneration
...messages to other molecules, setting up a chain of command to produce a specific response or set off a series of chemicals reactions. Studies show that the NOS enzyme plays a role in a number of functions, such as learning and feeding, and is activated in response to neuronal injury in several organisms, inc...Clusters, Computers And The Human Brain
...ithout being given any instructions other than the command to look for clusters, the algorithm correctly organized this huge mass of data into clusters corresponding to letters of the English alphabet. Domany got the idea for his algorithm from a well-known physical phenomenon that serves as a basis of ma...Australian Scientists In World-First Cell Discovery
...d says. Receptors are vital links in the body's command chain. Messenger chemicals like hormones and growth factors attach and switch on their special receptor, which in turns commands the cell to perform particular tasks, such as to grow or to process sugar. The team is the first in the world to cl......ntiate into muscles, bone, and other tissues). The command arrives via a potent messenger protein, Sonic hedgehog. Once formed, the floor plate then induces motor neurons to develop on either side (motor neurons will ultimately relay information between the spinal cord and muscles). The challenge The Natu......pair. They hypothesized that using gene therapy to command high levels ofIGF-I production in aging muscle might stimulate more effective repair andregeneration by the satellite cells, which proved to be the case. If this work is to be extended into humans, a number of ethicalconsiderations will need ...What Makes An Arm An Arm And A Leg A Leg
...chool have unveiled the molecularinstructions that command these differences, and have identified a gene that canpartially transform the upper limb of a vertebrate into a structure thatresembles its lower limb. Their findings, published in the March 12 Science,open new doors to understanding how vertebrate l...'Bugscope' Gives Internet Users Anywhere Chance To Study Insects
...d into the program. With theircomputers, users can command themicroscope to take specific images of the bugs under study. A scanning electron microscope uses sophisticated technology to examine thethree-dimensional structure of surfaces ingreat detail. Students can see bug parts that are undetectable to the...Cooperative action of two proteins causes damaged cells to "self-destruct"
... the damaged DNA. If they are unsuccessful, they command thecell to "self-destruct." In the third, and worst case scenario, both DNA repair and apoptosis fail,and the result is usually the growth of a tumor. Yet who are these protein "players", and most importantly, how do they interact? This is whatShaul...'Biomedical switch' regulates how cells stick together and communicates
...message transferred from the cell periphery to its command center -- the nucleus. This understanding fits nicely with the recent discoverythat rigid, high-tension environments drive the formation of focal contacts, which are characterized by enhanced phosphorylation -- an essential element of cell communicat...Researchers decipher chemical 'cross talk' that determines survival of immunecells
...g through a cell is ultimately "heard" as a single command to switch a gene on or off -- the fundamental unit of action in the cell. "Signals from the environment, from hormones and many other sources are woven into a fabric," explains UCSF's Keith Yamamoto, PhD, professor and chair of molecular and cellu...Researchers decipher fundamental signal for maleness
... is postulated to control a hypothetical courtship command center in the fruit fly's brain, but whether or how this occurs at the molecular level is unknown," Weiss said. "The same kind of gene has been found in every animal that has been examined so far, and found in every multi-cell animal," said Weiss. ...Scientists reveal details of brain cell communication: implications for learning & memory
...ot unlike computer programming code where a single command can be either one for a positive response or zero for a negative response." When an action potential causes a calcium channel to open, that's a one, when it fails to open that's a zero. Scientists believe that the strengthening of synapses be...Scientists track down the root of cloning problems
...dure involves removing the nucleus, or the genetic command center, of an egg and replacing it with the nucleus of an adult cell. The egg resets the developmental clock of the adult cell back to its embryonic state and gives rise to a new organism that is genetically identical to the donor adult. In practic...Military foods could enhance soldiers' performance by 2025
...s and units could significantly improve the Army's command and control. The report also suggests making foods more digestible by including edible enzymes. "More efficiently digested foods would mean that more calories could be transported to troops for the same amount of weight," the report states. Robert Lo......havioral sequences is based on reverse-engineering command sequences from films of behaving lamprey. "Now we're almost to the point where theoretically we could begin building whole platoons of robotic lampreys and putting them on operational maneuvers in the water," says Dr. Joel Davis, manager of the proj...New study shows normal-looking clones may be abnormal
...dure involves removing the nucleus, or the genetic command center, of an egg and replacing it with the nucleus from an adult cell or an ES cell. Ideally, the egg resets the developmental clock of the nucleus back to a state compatible with early embryonic growth and gives rise to a new organism that is genet...New study tightens the link between smoking and early menopause
...The elevated level of Bax then initiates a suicide command and the egg undergoes programmed cell death. Using mouse models, Tillys team also found that eggs with inactivated Ahr or Bax genes were resistant to PAH-induced death, indicating the functional importance of these two players in premature ovarian f...New science investigations, a fresh team ready for Expedition Three on International Space Station
...losely with the Payload Operations Center - NASA's command post for Space Station science activities at the M...iments or enable investigators around the world to command their experiments remotely or talk to the Space Station crew. "The Expedition Two crew has blazed th...UCLA neurobiologists identify brain cells that control breathing
...rain tissue called the preBotzinger Complex as the command post for controlling breathing in mammals. Now, within the region, they distinguished a small group of neurons responsible for issuing the commands that generate breathing. We hypothesized that if these neurons were important, something unusual would...