Highlights of the October 2004 Journal of the American Dietetic Association
... of 42 women showed eating a large salad (3 cups), compared with not having a first course, reduced the women's meal energy intake by 12 percent. The researchers concluded: "Consuming a large portion of a low-energy-dense food at the start of a meal may be an effective strategy for weight management." ...New study shows hope for treating inhalant abuse
...mber where they had previously received toluene as compared to the saline-treated animals, which spent 349 seconds in the "toluene" chamber. "GVG significantly blocked toluene-seeking behavior in these rats," Dewey said. Earlier research at Brookhaven Lab demonstrated the addictive nature of inhalants. ...International study findings link acne-like rash to effectiveness of new targeted cancer treatment
...mprovement in tumour response and overall survival compared to those with grade one or no rash." Professor Van Cutsem said that the trend for improved response and survival was seen across all patients irrespective of their age, sex, EGFR status and their Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) rating, whic...Chemical derived from vitamin-E shows early promise as cancer drug
... shrink and die through a process called apoptosis compared to untreated breast cancer cells. "One reason that alpha-TEA is such a potent anti-cancer agent is that it impacts on numerous anti-growth and pro-death cellular processes in cancer cells but not normal cells," said Kline. The resear...Alzheimer's disease is not accelerated aging
... regions of the brain and reflect unique pathology compared with changes that occur in older adults without dementia. "We're getting a better understanding of the complex constellation of factors that change [in the brain] with aging," said Howard Hughes Medical Institute researcher Randy L. Buckner of Wa...Phase II trials of second-generation antisense cancer drug planned following successful early study
...essenger RNA (mRNA) was down to a mean 8% level as compared to historical controls. The drug was well tolerated by patients. Said Dr. Chi: "We designed the Phase I trial in such a way that we could identify the biologically active dose in the tumour tissue. Being able to identify the active dose in this way g...Genetic differences might help distinguish thyroid cancers
...re either over-active or under-active in PTC cells compared with normal thyroid cells. Genes that were inactive or under-active were more typical of FTC cells. They further found that five genes could distinguish the two tumor types. The researchers used microarray analysis, which reveals the ac...Cardiac arrest may hinder ability to learn certain tasks
...sity in the hippocampus in the cardiac arrest mice compared to the control mice, a finding that represents a functionally significant loss, DeVries said. "Similar decreases in dendritic spine density have been associated with altered behavioral outcomes, such as changes in performance in spatial m...Study: Emission of smog ingredients from trees is increasing rapidly
...dings to map VOC levels nationally. The scientists compared survey data taken in the 1980s with those taken in the 1990s to determine how levels were changing over time. They found that areas where farmland has been abandoned during the last century have early generations of trees that produce higher levels o...DNA barcode finds four new bird species
...ried within members of the same species. Then they compared this variation with the degree of variation among birds of different species. They found that each of the 260 species tested had a distinct COI sequence. For 130 of these species, the researchers looked at the DNA of two or more individuals...Researchers ID chlorophyll-regulating gene
...species Arabidopsis thaliana, a mustard plant, and compared the mutant seedlings with a control group of normal plants. They grew the seedlings in the dark to mimic conditions beneath the soil, bringing groups out into the light at different time points throughout a six-day period. In nature, seeds are ...Flexible pain relief with morphine-free poppy
... "The genes we found behaved differently in Norman compared to standard morphine producing poppies and were consistently associated with the blockage in morphine synthesis and with the accumulation of thebaine and oripavine," Dr Larkin says. "Understanding the genes responsible for the production of morphine...Females may be more susceptible to overindulge 'sweet tooth' cravings than males
...el was blocked), chow intake was greater in males, compared to females. In other phases, wheel running produc... the chow plus milk diet increased caloric intake, compared to that observed in chow-fed rats. This diet-induced hyperphagia was significantly greater in seden...Enzyme maintaining chromosome ends is linked to bone cancer recurrence, decreased survival
...bout 43 percent survived for at least three years, compared with 70 percent whose tumor cells lacked TERT. Th...percent in those whose tumor cells contained TERT, compared to 77 percent among those without TERT....$7.5 Million grant to Yale researchers for role of viruses in cancer
... viruses are so well-defined and relatively simple compared to their host cells, we are optimistic that studies supported by this grant will continue to identify new targets for therapy and suggest new approaches to prevent and treat cancers," said principal investigator Daniel DiMaio, M.D. , Waldemar Von Ze...Amyloid fibers sprout one step at a time
.... Initial efforts to understand amyloid formation compared the process to the formation of the cell's cytoskeleton, a better understood mechanism known as nucleation-polymerization, in which the cytoskeletal proteins (actin and tubulin) coalesce into long fibers. Experiments from a number of labs, however, ...Genetic modification of linseed produces healthier omega 3 and 6 fatty acids
...ody. However, this process is slow and inefficient compared to the direct consumption of C20 and C22 PUFA that may be obtained from fish oils. Oilseed crop species contain all of the proteins and enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of the range of fatty acids present in seed oil, but they lack the few addi...New sign language suggests children create language's fundamentals through learning
...surprisingly short period of time. The researchers compared the ways that deaf children and adults used Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) to tell a story. The signers had learned the language at different stages of its brief history. While the oldest signers described actions using pantomime-like gestures, the ...New way to protect brain from stroke damage
...ion in the area of brain damage following ischemia compared to control animals. Mice lacking the ASIC1a gene also showed significantly less ischemic brain injury. Scientists had long considered another class of cellular components, NMDA receptors, as the main target responsible for calcium overload in the isc......emonstrated other mark-ers of more severe disease, compared with apoE/ mice. apoE/TP/ mice presented with fewer markers of dis-ease. These data indicate that PGI2 protects against and TXA2 promotes atherosclerosis development. The use of TP antagonists and molecules with PG-like activity may therefore aid in ...