UC Berkeley, Joint Genome Institute target chloroplasts for clues to green plant evolution
...nges that accumulate over time. Assuming a roughly constant rate of change as a result of random mutations, scientists can estimate the time since two lineages split from one another to evolve separately. Boore said, however, that comparing DNA sequences directly may not be the best method, because the same m...New stem cell maintenance protein found
...enewal as well as differentiation ensuring that a constant pool of undifferentiated stem cells always exists. Drs. Tsai and McKay have identified nucleostemin as a critical regulator of this delicate balance. Drs. Tsai and McKay originally identified nucleostemin as a protein abundantly expressed in rat CNS ...Even green pond scum can suffer from jet lag
... with the wild-type bacteria in a environment with constant light and temperature. As soon as the mixed culture is placed into a rhythmic environment, however, the wild-type organisms rapidly out-compete the bacteria without internal clocks. "Our data show that having a properly tuned biological clock confers...Bush signs; ozone treatment for ballast water; wetland restoration template goes national
...Shore or live there year-round, Lake Superior is a constant source of wonder. From the sunny calm of July to the gray crashing waves of November, the lake helps shape the climate, landscape, economy, and quality of life along the shore. Learn some fun and interesting facts about Lake Superior that highlight t...Gene responsible for rewinding body's 'clock' described by scientists at TSRI
...ase-shifting" is a necessary part of maintaining a constant schedule, and people who do not have the ability to perform this phase shifting are often stricken with sleeping disorders. In addition, phase shifting is relevant to the ability to adapt to a change in schedule such as during jet travel or shift wor...Mouse gene knockout illuminates how light resets clock
...d normal activity rhythms as they ran on wheels in constant darkness. This suggested that melanopsin is not i... in light input, the knockout mice were exposed to constant white light, which normally would trigger phase adjustments resulting in a longer internal clock day...Firefly molecule could quickly shed light on how well new drugs work
... but with the glow always turned "on" to produce a constant stream of light. The U-M team, led by Rehemtulla and Brian D. Ross, Ph.D., professor of radiology and co-director of the center, reports they have discovered a way to turn the light "off" until a drug causes a cell to start dying. They did this by ...JCI table of contents, December 15, 2002
...nin knockout mouse full of surprises Bone is in a constant state of remodeling, during which osteoclasts removeold bone (resorption) and osteoblasts form new bone (formation). Calcitoninis a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and inhibits bone resorption.Following menopause, the rate of bone loss is accel...Increased bone mass in a calcitonin knockout mouse full of surprises
...nin knockout mouse full of surprises Bone is in a constant state of remodeling, during which osteoclasts removeold bone (resorption) and osteoblasts form new bone (formation). Calcitoninis a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and inhibits bone resorption.Following menopause, the rate of bone loss is accel...Researchers reveal new secrets of the brain
...hat the total number of synapses stayed relatively constant but the individual connections often changed. Some stuck around for only a few days and others, generally the thicker ones, stayed for the duration of the experiment. Significantly, connections formed and dissolved much more rapidly after the animals...Finding life away from Earth will be tough task, says noted paleontologist
...uch of the evidence has been erased forever by the constant heat and pressure of plate tectonics. But learning as much as possible about the earliest life on Earth is probably the best starting point for trying to find life somewhere else, said Roger Buick, a paleontologist who became the first faculty member...Exercise and recreation for people with mobility impairments
.... Participants propelled on a roller system at two constant speeds while data were collected. The shoulders moved through a greater range of motion, and loads were calculated that were nearly two times greater at the fast speed compared to the slow speed. Slow propulsion speeds minimize shoulder strain. Fre...Smaller households fuel global housing boom and threaten biodiversity, study finds
...average number of occupants per household remained constant during that 15-year period, there would have been 155 million fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000, the authors concluded. ''Ignoring population growth, reduction in household size alone is projected to add 233 million households to hotspot ...UCSF study of ancient fly gene offers insights into male fertility
... pressure to clinch the reproductive niche prompts constant changes in genes responsible for sperm production. Sperm evolve quickly, to become faster, stronger, wilier all around. In this case, says Xu, the scientists discovered a gene whose role in sperm development has been so crucial that it has been maint...Science picks-leads, feeds and story seeds (January 2003)
... climate system that likely will remain relatively constant for an extended period. The USGS study shows marked increases in low to moderate streamflow, but less significant increases in high streamflow. The abrupt rise in streamflow occurred mostly in the eastern U.S. and coincided with an increase in preci...Computer model offers noninvasive evaluation for abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture risk
...ood vessel becomes weak or damaged. Over time, the constant pressure of blood flowing through the weakened vessel can cause a section of it to slowly enlarge, creating a bulge. The majority of aneurysms are called AAAs because they are located in the abdominal aorta, a large blood vessel leading from the hear...Mutation causes specific arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death
... these patients at high risk for arrhythmias. This constant back-and-forth electrical stimulation and recharging is controlled by different ions passing in and out of the cell, which alternately changes the cell's polarization. About one-third of patients with the disorder never experience symptoms, but those...Braille found to be essential, regardless of age of blindness
...reversed to create the control stimuli, which were constant within each run but varied across runs. Results On average, subjects recalled more than 60 percent of covertly generated verbs from a preceding run. Early blind recalled significantly fewer verbs. The fMRI results from these two subjects were indis...Early Mars: Warm enough to melt water?
...oss," says Kasting. "It took millions of years of constant running water to carve the Grand Canyon. It would take a similar time on Mars." One possible solution is that other greenhouse gases were in play in the Martian atmosphere. Methane would be a good candidate, but most sources of methane on Earth ar...... – on a small and large scale – is the constant pounding of the surf against the shore. "It's obvious that when waves crash, they apply really huge forces to things that live out there," Denny said, noting that a 6-foot wave applies the same kind of force to barnacles and other tiny creatures that...