Serotonin metabolites in mollusks suggest pathways for human therapies
..., anxiety, sudden infant death syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and irritable bowel syndrome. Many pharmaceutical treatments restore the pathways by preventing the cellular uptake of serotonin, where it is converted to other metabolites, or by directly inhibiting the enzymes responsible fo...Rare deficit maps thinking circuitry
... Berman, M.D., and colleagues, traced the thinking deficit to a circuit at the back of the brain that process...eplica, as in assembling a puzzle a key cognitive deficit experienced by people with Williams Syndrome. In addition to this visuospatial construction deficit,...An exotic grass kills trees by hijacking their water
...said. "This means that in any given year the water deficit experienced by the trees with grass at their bases is greater compared with those trees free of the influence of buffelgrass." Eilts also measured how much of their branches the trees shed. Palo verdes self-prune little during an non-drought year, ...Vollum scientists find new form of dopamine transmission
...h as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse could help them someday identify new therapeutic targets for these conditions. "We don't know yet what the real significance of this process is going to be down the road," said Michael Beckstead, Ph.D., post...Brain serotonin enzyme finding might explain psychiatric disorders
...iety, post-traumatic stress disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The enzyme might also influence patients' responses to the class of drugs known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or SSRIs, they added. SSRIs include paroxetine (trade name Paxil), sertraline (trade name Zoloft) and ...Researchers target deficit irrigation for wine grapes
... grape yield or quality. "The concept is known as deficit irrigation. You give the vines less than 100 perce...sociate Ashley Basinger began evaluating regulated deficit irrigation at the Newsom Vineyard near Plains, Texas, in 2002. Their research is part of Basinger's ...Animal studies show promise treating severe chronic pain
...affected C-fiber neurons. "This showed us that the deficit in terms of overall pain sensation was probably minimal," said Dr. Zoltan Olah, an NIDCR scientist and one of the inventors of the technology. "What was lost were the C-fiber neurons, which confer that sense of aching, chronic pain." The group then ...U.S. President's budget proposal means 5-year cuts 'well below historic levels'
Washington, D.C., 22 April 2004 -- With a budget deficit estimated at $521 billion this year, coupled with ...cent respectively by FY 2009. "In order to meet deficit reduction targets, even agencies receiving modest increases like NIH and NSF will see their R&D fund...Prenatal exposure to second-handsmoke greater for disadvantaged children, study finds
...cy. The combined effect results in a developmental deficit of about seven points in tests of cognitive perfor...s not confer any additional risk for developmental deficit over and above that contributed by prenatal exposure alone. "These findings reveal the dangers fo...Deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure can be seen as early as infancy
...ted while processing speed is. [Furthermore,] the deficit in this high-risk group is associated with both vi...h will be needed to determine whether the auditory deficit is attributable to the alcohol or smoking exposure." "The long-term implications of these findings ...Teens and young adults the new frontier in cancer says US cancer specialist
...l trials. "If we are going to address the survival deficit it requires broad support to increase clinical trial participation among 15 to 29 year-olds which, in the US, is under 1% and drastically lower than the approximately 60% rate in younger patients and the 3-5% in older patients." "Worldwide, we need a...Studies suggest brain injury results from developmental exposure to alcohol, anesthesia, and lead
...ported mental health problems. "Many had attention deficit problems, strikingly high psychoses, suicide attempts and suicide ideation," Streissguth said....Small amounts of alcohol or anesthetics may damage the developing brain
...orted mental health problems. "Many had attention deficit problems," Streissguth says. "But there also were high rates of psychosis and suicide attempts and almost half suffered from major depression." More basic work from Charles F. Zorumski, M.D., the Samuel B. Guze Professor and head of the Department o...Reward mechanism involved in addiction likely regulates pair bonds between monogamous animals
...or vasopressin and oxytocin receptors results in a deficit in social recognition and altered anxiety in mice; Vasopressin and oxytocin play key roles in the formation of social attachments between animals. Increasing the amount of vasopressin receptors in the brain using gene transfer techniques can increase...Reading ability and ADHD affected by same genes
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) are common disorders of childhood that often co-occur. About 20-25% of children and adolescents with ADHD have a reading disability but the cause of this association is unknown. Twin and famil...World's largest scientific society holds regional meeting in Long Beach, Calif.
...evels of lead has been linked to low IQ, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and increased violence, as...behavioral problems such as violence and attention deficit disorders. The effects seen may depend on when an individual was exposed and the route of exposure. ...Can heart failure impair thinking?
...as a consequence of HF. The principal neurological deficit of HF patients appears to be delayed recall. This memory dysfunction suggests specific neural damage related to the hippocampus or frontal lobe or associated circuitry, rather than generalized deficits over the entire brain. Approximately one-half of...SPR Annual Meeting features newsworthy discoveries
...might think, the brains of children with attention deficit disorder aren't racing at a million miles a minute. In fact, brain recordings taken from children with ADHD show that they have more slow wave brain activity than children without ADHD. Drugs like Ritalin are actually stimulants, similar in effect t...Researchers one step closer to Holy Grail of neurobiology
...contribute to such cognitive problems as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism and Alzheimer's disease. Erosion of arousal also may account for some of the mental difficulties that people face as they age. Understanding general arousal may help scientists develop pharmacological methods to enhance...Sleep disorders linked to faulty brain chemistry, study finds
...citing to be able to show this major neurochemical deficit for the first time, and confirm what others have suspected," says lead author Sid Gilman, M.D., F.R.C.P., the William J. Herdman Professor and chair of the Department of Neurology at the U-M Medical School. "We don't yet know if we will find this sam...