President's FY 2002 budget for USGS -- contributions to energy security and America's environment
... USGS Director Charles Groat.The Presidents budget enables USGS to continue its critical mission in monitoring for these and other hazards. At the same time, we are working with the other DOI bureaus to better identify and provide the science needed for informed land and resource management decisions. Focus......nding for membership in a research consortium that enables investigators to use the Berkeley synchrotron, a machine that accelerates particles close to the speed of light, for structural-biology studies. A synchrotron provides a more intense diffraction pattern than standard X-ray crystallography, providing ...Potential new anthrax therapy discovered
...igen molecules form a doughnut-shaped channel that enables lethal factor and edema factor to cross the usually impenetrable cell membrane and enter the cytoplasm. There, they disrupt normal cell function. The protective-antigen mutants identified by Collier and colleagues most likely act by blocking the form...Scientists monitor global air pollution from space
...blending technique, called data assimilation, also enables scientists to work backwards from the observations to pinpoint pollution sources, a major goal of the experiment. In the United States carbon monoxide is regulated at ground level by the Environmental Protection Agency. MOPITT observes carbon monox...The world's most powerful NMR spectrometer
... important molecules in solution. This information enables scientists to determine the structure-function relationships of molecules that lie at the heart of understanding fundamental biological processes. Determining the three-dimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids provides important insights ...Researchers use computers to redesign protein folding
...ids assume the three-dimensional architecture that enables them to function asenzymes and other key cellular components. Baker and University of Washington colleagues SehatNauli and Brian Kuhlman redesigned the folding pathway of protein G, a smallprotein produced by streptococcal bacteria. Their work concen...... Assay Direct Detection. The RNA Invader assay enables identification and quantitation directly from total RNA or crude cell lysate samples prepared using a simple and inexpensive process. Many RNA tests require high-purity RNA purification, often in combination with time-consuming and expensive multi-s...UK scientists develop 'his-and-hers' fertility test kit
... Human Reproduction and Embryology in Lausanne. It enables men to measure the concentration of motile (active) sperm in their semen - the most predictive indicator of natural fertility. The female test measures follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels as an indicator of ovarian reserve (the number of eggs i...Discovery of follicles offers hope of babies for Turners syndrome girls
... us to continue with our research." The study also enables the researchers to start to understand how and when follicles in Turners syndrome girls start to disappear. He said: "Our results give us a model to understand follicular atresia and we now have more information about the time frame in which the fol...APS awards more than $200,000 to its 2001 Postdoctoral Fellowship winners
...ellowship was established to provide training that enables outstanding young scientists to combine the tools of cellular and molecular biology in the setting of the whole animal. Through these fellowships, awarded annually since 1995, APS has contributed nearly $800,000 to physiological genomics research.......platform technology, Selective Amplification, that enables the expansion of the umbilical cord blood stem cell population. This technology coupled with the companys premier cord blood banking division, Viacord, and the governments commitment to alternative stem cell source funding well positions ViaCells fu...PNNL captures first bird's-eye view of Puget Sound air pollution
... needed for its formation. The study's timing also enables the team to coordinate with a simultaneous Canadian air quality study of particulates and ozone in the Vancouver, British Columbia, area called Pacific 2001. In addition, PNNL is working with regional universities and government agencies to coordinat...Enzyme increases number, size of heart muscle cells in mice
...iptase, or TERT, in heart muscle after birth. TERT enables the ends of the chromosomes, called telomeres, to be copied completely during cell division. Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes, like plastic tips on shoelaces. Ordinarily, after organisms are born, TERT production stops in most types of cells, an...Better computer modeling provides a new look at large biomolecules
... at UCSD describe how the parallel focusing method enables solution of the PBE to be run efficiently and flex...d. According to Baker and McCammon, their approach enables each processor to arrive at a highly precise solution for a tiny part of a molecule, without the nee...Breast cancer is multi-step, multi-cell type process
...part to new laser-microdissection technology which enables them to take apart tumors one cell at a time. Scientists know cancer develops over a period of years through a series of genetic changes or mutations. Scientists have also long accepted that these genetic mutations occur in a single cell type for any...Gene therapy technique reduces alcohol consumption in rats
...cohol. Supplying copies of the gene in this manner enables the rat brain cells to manufacture larger amounts of DRD2 receptors than they would ordinarily. Strong evidence from pharmacologic studies in both humans and animals indicates that the dopamine pathway plays a major role in brain reward circuits, th...Researchers identify gene causing rare form of cleft palate
...Colleges Hammersmith campus, said: "This discovery enables us to investigate the role of a major genetic determinant required for normal palate formation and to identify other mutations that may also play roles in more common forms of the disorder." Cleft palate is a birth defect affecting 1/1500 births as a...Scientists chart iron cycle in ocean
...elps transform the iron complexes into a form that enables marine organisms to more easily acquire the essent... of iron and oxygen atoms, Butler explained. This enables bacteria, plankton and other microorganisms to grab and use the iron. The team's research gre......walls. Their polymer includes a long "linker" that enables the toxic N-alkylated pyridine groups to cross the bacterial envelope. The researchers found that dry surface-bonded PVP with either no N-alkyl chains or long N-alkyl chains (10 or more carbon units) is not bactericidal. But three- to eight-unit PVP ......ustice, MODIS is the first space-based sensor that enables scientists to remove comprehensively the effects of the atmosphere for relatively unobstructed measurements of the surface. Thus, MODIS' measurements of surface reflectance and radiance are used to generate higher-order data products, such as spectra...