Scientists develop new drug to combat tamoxifen-resistant tumours
...breast cancer cells using a unique mechanism which enables it to work against tumours that are resistant to other anti-oestrogens, the 3rd European Breast Cancer Conference in Barcelona heard today (Thursday 21 March). Yasuji Yamamoto, from the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences at the Universit...Hiroshima porcelain pieces provide insight into exposure levels
...ssion tracks on certain objects found in Hiroshima enables scientists to calibrate the nuclear fluence. Geologist Robert L. Fleischer (Union College in New York), S. Fujita (Radiation Effects Research Institute in Japan), and M. Hoshi (Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine and Biology in Japan) have publis...New evidence on revolutionary brain pacemaker for Parkinson's Disease patients
...uce dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that enables communication among the brain cells involved in motor control. Activa Therapys electrical stimulation acts on these malfunctioning circuits in the brain using an implanted medical device akin to a cardiac pacemaker. Before the onset of Parkinsons I ...Scientists trace recently found genes to the evolution of big brains
...ave found that a pair of recently discovered genes enables the brain of vertebrate animals, including humans, to grow large and complex. The findings, published in the April 5 issue of Cell, shed light on how the Olig 1 and Olig 2 genes direct the formation of a key type of supporting cell required by nerve ...Built-in 'failsafe' device blocks abnormal growth of new blood vessels
...ogenesis, or aberrant growth of new blood vessels, enables cancerous tumors to spread through the body and also causes diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, the leading causes of blindness in the Western world. Research has shown that new blood vessel growth relies on an exquisite balance of pr...Scientists devise new 'gene silencing' strategy: Genome, biomedical research expected to flourish
...lence expression of the cell surface receptor that enables HIV to slip inside cells. "In many cases, this strategy could translate from benchtop, to animal model, to clinic much more quickly than traditional medicinal chemistry," says Hannon. He predicts that short hairpin RNAs could be incorporated into nov...New tool speeds study of mammalian protein function
...a process that can take months. The new technology enables them to complement this technology and conduct a variety of experiments with cells grown in vitro, many of which represent differentiated cell types often difficult to obtain as primary cultures. The technology was developed by researchers in the lab...Researchers identify protein that overcomes leptin resistance
BOSTON The identification of a protein that enables the body to overcome resistance to the hormone leptin could help scientists move one step closer to creating a drug therapy to help prevent and treat obesity. The findings, made by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), are repo...Making meningiomas: Scientists pioneer animal model of human meningioma
...NA between the loxP sites. This Cre-lox technology enables scientists to effectively edit DNA by flanking their gene of interest with loxP sites, and then introducing Cre to cut out the gene. To introduce Cre into arachnoidal cells, Dr. Giovannini and colleagues genetically engineered an adenovirus to carry ...MelTec GmbH characterizes protein networks involved in T-cell invasion
...s in the cell, or the cells protein topology. MELK enables the researcher to simultaneously discover the molecular phenotype of cells and the precise position of protein networks, thus enabling closer investigation of the hidden relationships between the structure, molecular expression and function of protei...Leprosy bug provides clues to early nerve degeneration
...scles, skin and internal organs. The myelin sheath enables the axon to greatly improve the reliability and speed of the electric impulse, much like insulation on electrical wires. When myelin is damaged, the nerve fibers are no longer insulated and nerve impulses cannot be conducted efficiently. Therefore, t...APS announces the winners of its 2002 Postdoctoral Fellowship in Physiological Genomics
...ellowship was established to provide training that enables outstanding young scientists to combine the tools of cellular and molecular biology in the setting of the whole animal. Through these fellowships, awarded annually since 1995, APS has contributed nearly $1,000,000 to physiological genomics research....The role of phytochromes in bacteria revealed
...gh only infrared wavelengths Thus, the phytochrome enables the bacterium to install its photosynthetic apparatus. That will then supply part of its energy requirement for maintaining its symbiosis with the leguminous plant and fixing the nitrogen essential for the plants growth. The study of phytochromes in ...Molecular 'motor' drives rotavirus replication
...hat contains the virus genetic code, he said. That enables the virus to produce many copies of itself that can go on to infect more cells and eventually cause diarrhea. Interfering with the action of a protein like NSP2 could stop the virus in its tracks, said Prasad. Prasad and Jayaram, of Baylor's ...End of 'free ride' on ecosystem CO2 absorption
...e before the Industrial Revolution, but our design enables us to do just that," said Jackson. "Thus, it gives us insights into what changes occurred in the past and improves our understanding about will happen in the future." Operating the apparatus over multiple growing seasons, the scientists conducted det...Genetic fingerprinting improves diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma
...Clinical Oncology demonstrates thata new technique enables doctors to distinguish the moleculardifferences among many subtypes of adult soft-tissuesarcoma, a type of cancer that is often difficult todiagnose and treat. Using a sophisticated technology calledoligonucleotide array analysis, researchers develo...Soil's love affair with carbon viewed with millimeter resolution
...ts with the same or less accuracy, the LIBS system enables users to analyze a sample of soil from a 1-1/4 inch diameter core at millimeter resolution in about 15 minutes, researcher Michael Ebinger and his colleagues reported at the 2002 spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union underway in Washington...Scientist detail how brain regulates sensory information
...andle sensory inputs. This subconscious mechanism enables us to immediately send motor signals to our eyes, ears, nose and hands to enhance our perception of the sensory information that we are interested in. "The act of sensation is inexplicably tied to that of motor control," says David Kleinfeld, a prof...Nabi Biopharmaceuticals begins human testing of novel vaccine to fight nicotine addiction
...arlier animal studies, NicVAX is a technology that enables the body to develop antibodies to nicotine. We believe that these antibodies, acting much like a sponge, will soak up the nicotine, preventing it from reaching the brain." "By reducing the amount of nicotine available to stimulate the brain's pleasu......en the gates open, sodium rushes into the cell and enables the cell to fire an electrical discharge called an action potential, which drives brain activity. Shortly after they open, though, the sodium gates automatically swing closeda process called inactivation. They remain closed for a period of time to ...