Enzymes Targeted As Key To Understanding Drug Interactions
...re are simple test-tube methods to determine which enzyme metabolizes a new drug," said Levy. "While we are still in the research phase, we are already performing these analyses for the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, as new drugs are developed, the FDA now requires as part of its approval process that th...Genetic Trickery Offers New Way to Target HIV
... genetic template,providing a foothold so that the enzyme reverse transcriptase can copy the viral genetic code. Initiating the copying process atprecisely the right spot is the primer's critical task. Rosenblatt's team genetically engineered a new primer, amutant tRNA that docks at a different site on...Calorie Restriction Reduces Age-Related Muscle Loss
...l, the research involved age-related fiberloss and enzyme and gene abnormalities in rat muscle. "We were su...ior and learning, immune response,gene expression, enzyme activity, hormonal action, DNA repair capacity,glucose tolerance and rates of protein synthesis. We...Better Peroxidase Improves Disease Diagnosis
...ther products that use soybean peroxidase. The soy enzyme replaces horseradish peroxidase, which is an integ...eradish peroxidase was limited and the horseradish enzyme wasn't very stable at high temperatures. Researchers from Enzymol asked Vierling to test soybean per......assive carrier of genetic code, but also can be an enzyme that activelyengages in chemical reactions. The d... in aspecific virus or bacteria, they cause an RNA enzyme called RNase P to destroythe mRNA to which they are bound. The EGS molecules are then freed to repe......gues confirmed that antigen 85 alsofunctions as an enzyme in forming and maintaining the TB bacteria's waxy andtough cell wall, which is composed of intricately linked mycolic acids. Thistight web makes the cell wall virtually impermeable to many drugs, making thedisease difficult to treat. In addit...Research Team Discovers Key Gene For Telomerase Enzyme In Humans
...epeated cell divisions. But the telomerase enzyme counteracts telomere shortening by addingDNA back ...RNA and protein components. The RNAportion of the enzyme binds to the DNA in the telomere while the proteincomponent lures DNA subunits into the region and a...Newly Discovered Human Protein Provides Important Target For Cancer Therapy
...ancerous growth. "The telomerase enzyme is an ideal target for chemotherapy because thisen...al Target for Chemotherapy The telomerase enzyme is a complex structure containing multipleproteins and an RNA molecule (RNA is a chemical cousin of ...Vitamin C Deficit Linked To Skin Disease
...in allbody tissues. In people with PCT, a critical enzyme in the liver becomesinactivated, interfering with the production of heme from its precursorporphyrins. As a result, the porphyrins build up in the liver, spill into theblood and are carried to the skin. Untreated, people with PCT and some otherporph...Pea Plant Stem Growth Gene Cloned
...for gibberellin 3-beta-hydroxylase, a biosynthetic enzyme crucial to the division and elongation of the cell...nts used by Mendel, the tallness gene codes for an enzyme that adds a hydroxyl (HO) group at a very particular location onto GA20, which is the is the immedia...Wonder Thread: UD Scientists Report First Protein With Collagen And Elastin-Like Domains
...y collagens: Col-P and Col-D. They used pepsin, an enzyme secreted by stomach cells of vertebrates, to pinpoint the collagens. Unlike most proteins, Waite says, Col-P and Col-D don't break apart in response to pepsin. Since pepsin works best in an acidic environment, researchers simply placed byssal threads...New Description Of Protein May Be Basis For Regulating Cholesterol
...-dimensional structure of pentalenene synthase, an enzyme responsible fora key step in the formation of a natural antibiotic. The scientists also explain some of the protein's inner workings. Theysuggest that pentalenene synthase uses certain amino acids in an internalvessel-like cavity to fold, shape and...Gene For Last Major Form Of Batten Disease Discovered
...gers University. Thescientists then compared this enzyme to known proteins and gene segments thatare descri...e newly discovered gene, CLN2, codes for a type of enzyme that has neverbefore been described in humans or other mammals. Nonetheless, it appears to beone of...Smoking Mice Lead To Emphysema Breakthrough
... Louis havediscovered that lungs lacking a certain enzyme are apparently immune toemphysema. The discovery, ...s found that micegenetically engineered to lack an enzyme called macrophage elastase showed nosigns of emphysema even after inhaling the smoke of two unfilter...Long-Time NIH Grantee Wins Nobel Prize In Chemistry
...understand the inner workings of ATP synthase, the enzyme he calls the "splendid molecular machine" that produces ATP. The enzyme is a complex protein rooted in the inner membranes of cellular structures calle...New Form Of Gene Therapy Holds Promise For The Future
...reporter gene they used was firefly luciferase, an enzyme thatcauses light emission and can be measured easily with a luminometer. In thelaboratory, they inserted the luciferase gene into a genetically altered virusthat could not reproduce. To stimulate and control the production of luciferase,the researche...Growth Factor Stimulation Leads To Increase In New Neurons In The Striatum And Cortex Of The Brain
...cid (or GABA) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a key enzyme used during thesynthesis of dopamine. Cells that use these neurotransmitters in the striatumdie in two devastating neurological diseases: GABA-containing cells die inHuntington?s disese and TH-containing cells die leading to Parkinson's disease. ...First Selenium-Based Orally-Active Antihypertensive May Lead To New Family Of Therapeutic Agents
...lenium is an antioxidant involved inmany important enzyme processes. Georgia Tech researchers developed the family of selenium compoundsand recognized their antihypertensive potential in the mid-1980s. Butconcerns about the potential toxicity of selenium and the availabilityof other blood pressure medicat...Purdue Researchers Track Oil Spill's Effects On Sea Otters
...echnique to determine the level in the otter of an enzyme that metabolizes aromatic hydrocarbons -- a biomar... nearby, non-spill area. "Increased levels of this enzyme may be the result of continued exposure to low levels of oil, to other environmental contaminants, o...Stress Lowers Sperm Count By Overwhelming Cells That Make Testosterone
...g celldefense mechanism, which is controlled by an enzyme called, for short, 11ßHSD-1.The cell produces...s necessary. As Leydig cellsdevelop, the amount of enzyme increases in parallel with the amount ofglucocorticoid receptors. In immature Leydig cells of young...