Research Team Discovers Key Gene For Telomerase Enzyme In Humans
...Nakamura. Telomerase belongs to a class of enzymes known as reversetranscriptases that use RNA as a template for creating DNA. Retroviruseslike HIV also belong to this class. Since reverse transcriptases share acommon amino acid sequence, they are expected to have similarthree-dimensional structure...Oaks' Defenses Help Gypsy Moth Caterpillar Fend Off Virus
...east on is more complicated thanexpected, and leaf enzymes as well as tannins play an important role, accordi...today (Aug. 14) in Albuquerque. "It turns out that enzymes in theleaves may be the important factor." Appel looked at two enzymes; polyphynol oxidase ...Gene For Last Major Form Of Batten Disease Discovered
...ears to beone of the most common protein-degrading enzymes (proteases) in the brain, saysRaju K. Pullarkat, P...or eliminated. In LINCL,one of the many lysosomal enzymes that work together to degrade proteins ismissing and the normal breakdown process is interrupted. T...Smoking Mice Lead To Emphysema Breakthrough
...en," Shapiro says. "Blocking this enzymeor related enzymes might give us a way to halt the disease." ...n the lungs and releasinginflammatory enzymes. The enzymes eventually break down elastic fibers in thelungs, causing a new case of emphysema. But the p...Study: Hydrogen Bonds Aren't Key To DNA Pairing After All
...de analogs are already used as drugs to thwart the enzymes that copythe genes of tumor cells and viruses. The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health....Triglyceride Blood Levels Predict Heart Attack
...attack risk. Triglyceride levels are elevated when enzymes responsible for breaking down fatsin the bloodstream are less active. Their decreased activity results in higherVLDL and lower HDL levels, both of which are strongly associated withcardiovascular disease and heart attacks. Decreased activity might a...Researcher Discovers Plant Genes For Phosphate Uptake
...oots. Some produce and release organic acids and enzymes that can pry the nutrient away from the attraction of the soil clay and organic matter. And in some plants, Raghothama says, phosphorus starvation flips a genetic switch that changes certain molecules in roots and makes plants better at acquiring pho...Stress Lowers Sperm Count By Overwhelming Cells That Make Testosterone
...thew Hardy found that stress hormonesoverpower the enzymes responsible for ensuring that cells in the testes ... says. "This is also anew way of understanding how enzymes work in Leydig cells." While Hardy's work provides insight into male reproduction, it may also aid t...Pitt Researchers Construct Novel Delivery System For Gene Therapy Of Liver Disorders
... molecules, safelywhisking them past DNA-degrading enzymes and quickly delivering them to theirdestinations, or target cells. A research team from the University of Pittsburgh has constructed thefirst prototype of this "car," a delivery mechanism for genes called areconstituted chylomicron remnant ...Peutz-Jeghers Disease Gene Identified: Enzyme Loss Causes Polyps And Cancer
...amily. Protein kinases are cytosolic regulatory enzymes which modify the functional properties of certain cytosolic proteins (substrates) by adding phosphate groups to the side chains of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. Kinases have highly diverse functions and are implicated in cell cy......ements and other proteins. Industrially important enzymes such ascellulases, lipases and proteases, which ar...niques, crop plants maybe developed to produce the enzymes for a fraction of the cost. Genetic engineering offers many other possibilities. For instance, Paci...DNA Enzyme Works In Crystal Form; Yields New Insights Into Gene Copying
...hat underlie all cell functions. The moleculesthat enzymes act upon are called substrates. The DNA ...ion the instant itdetects an error, so that repair enzymes can step in. Despite decades of study, many details of this sophisticated andcritical DNA r......of our ongoing drug design efforts." Helicases are enzymes distinguished by their ability to unwind regions ofdouble-stranded RNA or DNA, in preparation for replication or transcription ofgenetic information. In the case of hepatitis C, the NS3 helicase functions tounwind double-stranded viral RNA complexes...... occur in every cell of every livingthing, but the enzymes crystallized in earlier studies function more like repairenzymes that fill in small nicks in the DNA. They are slow and make errorsfrequently. This structure, however, shows a polymerase that zips along the DNAduring cell division and faithfully repl...'Rolling Circles' Provide New Way to Amplify and Detect DNA
...circle, some free DNA nucleotides, and DNA-copying enzymes intoa test tube, and when you come back 12 hours ... now in use, rolling circles don't require special enzymes or complex equipment likethermocyclers, so the method could reduce the cost of geneticresearch or ......back, hairy-looking bacterial hitchhikers crankout enzymes that may hold the key to new protein-based catalys...o their thermal versatility, he notes, eurythermal enzymes can bestored for longer periods of time, compared to conventional enzymes, and theycan operate in or...Genetics May Explain Much Age-Related Hearing Loss
...e who havedeficiencies in SOD or other antioxidant enzymes may be at greater risk forlosing their hearing." ...y duringaging. "An increase in antioxidant enzymes that neutralize free radicals, suchas SOD, may protect the cochlea from these insults and prevent o...Molecular Mechanochemistry: An Emerging Discipline At The Nexus Of Biology And Physics
..., gene-therapies, and better blood-clot-dissolving enzymes for diseasedvessels. Editor's Note: Dr. Davies can be reached at 215-898-4647 or pfd@pobox.upenn.eduThe University of Pennsylvania Medical Center's sponsored research and trainingranks third in the United States based on grant support from the Nati...Long-Standing Puzzle Of Immune System Is Solved By UCSF Researchers
...isabled in B cells, none had suggested that repair enzymes mightactually be contributing to the generation of... before it becomes fixed. When DNA-repair enzymes detect a mismatch, they use several cluesto distinguish the old, correct DNA strand from the new, in......roken or formed. This includes other hydrolytic enzymes like proteases, esterases or glycolyases, as well as ligating enzymes. High-throughput screening with dual-color FCS was demonstrated in the second article; this combination is termed RAPID FCS (Rapid Assay Processing by Integra...