JCI table of contents, 1 July 2004
...in this by effecting overall insulin response. Two groups with papers that are appearing online first differ...ur understanding these mechanisms. The work by the groups of Luciano Rosetti and colleagues and Jerrold Olefsky and colleagues substantiates the important phy...Severe depression associated with greater number of nerve cells in thalamus region of brain
...motional regulation is physically different." Four groups were represented in the study: subjects with major...no significant difference among any of the subject groups whether they had taken antidepressants or not reinforcing the belief that abnormalities in brain d...... in the cell is phosphorylationto attach phosphate groups to other molecules inside the cells in order to modify their function. Pak attaches its phosphate to two serine residues within the portion of RhoGDI that Rac normally binds to. These bulky and negatively charged phosphates disrupt the normally coz...Endurance exercise found to be equally effective as diuretics in improving cardiac health
...hat increase the excretion of sodium and chloride) groups to characterize (1) adaptive changes in LV mass, geometry, and function; and (2) the metabolic and hormonal changes in response to exercise training and to determine whether these adaptive responses were associated with alterations in LV mass, geomet...In the obese, metabolic adaptations post-weight loss lead to regaining of shed pounds
...roup (WR). The assignment of the rats to WM and WR groups was based upon having the two groups stratified by body weight and total weight loss. WM rats were subsequently maintained at this reduce...Study: Artificial sweetener may disrupt body's ability to count calories
... are based on two studies. In the first study, two groups of rats were given two different sweet-flavored li...he snack," Swithers said. In the second study, two groups of rats were given a high-calorie dietary supplement along with their regular food every day for 30 ...Early dexamethasone exposure has long-term neurodevelopment, neuroendocrine effects
...tter design, 12 pups were assigned to one of three groups on postnatal day 2 (P2). The groups were designated either "handled controls," "saline-injected controls," or "animals receiving dexamet...The first domesticated donkey was born in Africa
... populations places these individuals in two large groups with a high level of divergence (of the sequences of mitochondrial DNA) between them, which would suggest two different origins. Thus, the phylogenetic analyses indicated the existence of two divergent maternal lineages, which implies two domesticati...Innovative efforts target epigenetics, molecular imaging
...e. Also, for certain genes, the addition of methyl groups serves to distinguish between the gene copy inherited from the father and the one inherited from the mother - a situation referred to as imprinting. For some genes, only the paternally imprinted copy is activated to produce proteins and for others, o...Hopkins to found first center for comprehensive study of epigenetics
... used to examine the entire epigenomes of specific groups of people to hunt for clues to human disease. The first groups to be analyzed will be families -- at least a "trio" of parents and child -- from two Johns Hopkins ...Carnegie Mellon U. imaging study reveals sex-based differences that persist as mice enter adulthood
...ing (MRI) technique. Carnegie Mellon is one of few groups nationwide with the capability to perform MRM. Koshibu, who did much of the data analysis, recently completed her doctoral work in the department of neurobiology at the University of Pittsburgh while working at the Center for the Neural Basis of Cogn...Melting ice cap gives urgency to new census of marine life project in Arctic Ocean
...to discover at least twice as many species in most groups as currently described." Dr. Gradinger says sampling to date has relied on relatively small boxes to scoop sediments from the ocean floor, or ice drills to reach the water, missing many organisms which "simply move out of the way." The abundance of m...Mutant mice lead to memory insights
...oving memory in otherwise healthy individuals. Two groups of researchers independently studied mutant mice d...cally, CBP acts as an enzyme that transfers acetyl groups onto the histone proteins that are part of the chromatin enfolding DNA in the chromosomes. Such acet...Protein believed to control formation of memory identified by Scripps & UCSD scientists
... them on or off. Specifically, CBP attaches acetyl groups to other proteins, and these acetyl accoutrements modulate their behavior in the cell. One of the proteins in neurons that CBP acetylates are histones. Histones are short cylindrical proteins that associate with DNA in the nuclei of cells. Histone...Inadequate vaccines can help breed more vicious malaria strains
...y, are likely to spark debate among public health groups seeking to curb the disease, which claims up to tw...y, the Edinburgh researchers directly injected two groups of mice with infectious parasites - "immunised" mice, which had been exposed to Plasmodium and then ...Origin of West Indian insect eater much older than previously thought
... placental mammals and is older than more familiar groups such as elephants and their relatives. They are now, however, endangered due to the deforestation of their habitat on the islands of Cuba and Hispaniola. "For the first time we have a good idea of where solenodon fits into the phylogenetic tr...The science and law of torture
...g into a global street brawl with Al Qaeda andU.S. groups engaging in widespread abuses of human rights inwhich civilians are the ones getting hurt," Larson says. This event is part of a series of international activities toobserve the United Nation's International Day in Support ofVictims of Torture (June ...Stonehenge study tells pagans and historians it's good to talk
...ve been formed at a public inquiry in Salisbury by groups fighting redevelopment plans for the Stonehenge ar...s on one side, and pagans and alternative interest groups on the other. It included a detailed, systematic analysis of available published material, websites ...Harmless virus helps slow HIV by boosting immune proteins
...research findings. Ten studies, by eight different groups of researchers, including Stapleton's, have shown improved survival or other clinical benefits among HIV patients who also have GBV-C. A few studies, though, showed no benefit. The March 2004 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, co-authored...Therapeutic cloning may be permitted at Newcastle University
...s and the Life Fertility Center is one of only two groups in the UK to derive human ES (embryonic stem cells) from spare IVF embryos. ES cells can be used to make any cell type in the body and replace cells that have been lost as a result of disease or injury. Cells derived from ES cells may of...