NCAR Scientist Models Earth's Climate and Vegetation Patterns At Last Glacial Peak
...the model calculates all other climate indicators, including moisture levels (precipitation and evaporation). ... different plant types divided into 12 categories, including needle-leaf evergreen and broadleaf deciduous forests, savanna, shrub land, and desert. The model ra...NCAR Scientists Trek To Africa For Biosphere-Atmosphere Chemistry Study
...serve as the debut for some specialized equipment, including a new isoprene flux sampler (built by NCAR's Alan Hills) that is "the world's best," according to Klinger. Isoprene, a fast-reacting chemical emitted by trees, plays an important role in the atmosphere's overall chemical balance. "Measuring isoprene ...Northwestern Scientists Discover How Herpes Simplex Virus Infects Cells
...ntry of herpes simplex virus into othercell types, including nerve cells, and defining the relevant mechanisms ofentry into different human cells....Antarctic Science Season Gears Up With Searches for Meteorites, Neutrinos, and New Life Forms
...ore's ice record is expected to span 80,000 years, including part of the last glaciation, and to have distinct ...6, the program has found more than 7800 specimens, including samples of the Moon and Mars, expanding knowledge of the primeval nebula that have birth to the sola...Scientists Identify Retrovirus-Like Components In Corn Genome
...ile DNA was present to some extent in all genomes, including humans, but we didn't realize it could make up such a huge part of it," Bennetzen says. "Our study indicates that, in maize, mobile DNA accounts for more than 60 percent of the genome, which is two to three times more than what we would have expected...Medicinal Leech May Offer Clues To Neural Regeneration
...zed to act as a signaling molecule in vertebrates, including humans. As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide send... response to neuronal injury in several organisms, including mammals. Though it has been tied to a number of functions, scientists have not yet identified how NO...Impact of Meteorites, Drop in Sea Level Caused Mass Extinctions 65 Million Years Ago
...attle -- also present evidence that other factors, including a drop in sea level prior to the assault by the massive asteroid or comet, also may have caused some of the extinctions at the end of what is known as the Cretaceous period. Marshall and Ward present evidence demonstrating that a combination of fact...Bacterial Protein Structure Hints At Mechanism Of A Class Of Premature Aging Diseases
...n found responsible for a classof genetic diseases including Werner's syndrome and Cockayne's syndrome, premature aging syndromes; Bloom's syndrome, a type of dwarfism; and somekinds of skin cancer. Understanding of these diseases on the molecular levelis minimal. But since the helicase's job is to help replic...Two Long-sought Diabetes Gene Found
...d in cells of the liver but present in other cells including those of the kidney and intestine. This pathway wa...affects an estimated 100 million people worldwide, including 15 million in the United States, where it is the seventh leading cause of death. According to the Na...Scientists Identify Gene For Sexual Behavior In Male Flies
...fru governs the fly's courtship andmating ritual, including its courting song. Here a male with a normalcopy o...gether to govern all aspects ofsex in these flies, including development of male and female organs. At work in a very small fraction of the cells in the fly's br...Scientists Discover Smallest Frog
...in Cuba's rainforests over the past several years, including a lizard tied for the world's tiniest. Says Hedge...lete knowledge of the biodiversity on this planet, including areas like Cuba that are very close to the United States."...World's Experts Plan Global Locator Service For Environmental Information
...ware to access a vast array of valuable resources, including hundreds of libraries, museums, and archives world...rograms focused on improved access to information, including the Government Information Locator Service being implemented in the United States and elsewhere. ...Researchers Find How Disease-resistant Plants Recognize Bacteria
... turns out that plants resist diverse pathogens -- including bacteria, fungi and viruses -- by using very similar defense mechanisms," he says. "By understanding how a plant recognizes one pathogen, we should begin to understand how plants identify many different pathogens." The discovery of this protein-prote...Prostate Cancer May Be Predicted 10 Years Before Diagnosis
...every 2 years when they undergo a battery of tests including collection of blood samples.Four years before diagnosis, total PSA was significantly greater for men who developed prostate cancer (5.0ng/ml?0.9) compared to men with BPH (2.8ng/ml?0.3) and controls (0.8 ng/ml?0.1.) Free PSA levels were similar among...New Nonviral Gene Therapy System Could Help Fight Cancer
...an 30 different types of genesusing the T7 system, including genes that promote anti-canceractivity," Wagner sa...oaded with everything it needsfor gene expression, including materials similar to those foundinside a cell's nucleus. While other gene therapy techniques ...Moving DNA Molecules With Magnetic Tweezers
...technique will work with otherbiological polymers, including those designed to carry medicineto a specific site. The magnetic tweezers could also be used ingenetic engineering, where scientists need to move genes andenzymes within microscopic cells, Wirtz says. At Hopkins, he is able to advance his researc...Bog Beetle, Misidentified For 85 Years, Is 'Discovered' At Cornell
...s species found in North America, north of Mexico, including 60 introduced from other parts of the world. Through study of specimens from museums in the northeastern United States and Canada, Will and Liebherr have found that this beetle's natural range extends from Maine to Ohio and Ontario to Maryland. The ...Penn State Wetlands Project Seeks Scientific Evaluation Criteria
...scribe and categorize a variety of wetland types, including natural wetlands used as reference sites for rese...ture, designed to discover how wetlands function, including how wetlands change over time and how human disturbances affect their natural progression. "You ...Birds Deal With "Cocktail Party Effect"
...h one or more other sounds. Other scientists, including Peter Jusczyk at Johns Hopkins,have studied the cocktail party effect in humans. Jusczyk, anexperimental psychologist, has studied how infants are able toconcentrate on one voice that is mixed with background sounds.The ability may help them learn la...Learning From Birds And Bees: Engineers Study Insects For Ideas On Tiny "Micro Air Vehicles"
...ogy's micro air vehicle effort. "But many people, including us, think you cando this." Designers of micro air...image acquisition, processing and datacompression, including demonstration of optical-through- waferinterconnects. Drs. JoyLaskar , Nan MarieJokerst , Martin...