Honey shines in athletic research, has scientific community abuzz
... effective pre-workout energy source that does not induce hypoglycemia. The second trial studied 39 weight-trained women and men. Following an intensive workout, each subject immediately consumed a protein shake blended with sucrose, maltodextrin, powdered honey or placebo as a carbohydrate. The honey swee...Censoring self-specific B cells
...on must be limited in duration so that they do not induce chronic autoimmunity, these antibodies may play a valuable role as a the rapid host response to bacterial infections. Evidently, the ability of the immune system to censor these B cells at multiple levels is efficient enough that immature B cells ex......ontinuous expression of a single gene, HIF-1a, can induce the formation of new blood vessels in mice. The HI...ood vessels. Although over-expression of VEGF does induce angiogenesis, the resultant vessels are leaky and are associated with sever edema and inflammation. ......r. Studies into the mechanism by which these genes induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in tumor cells are ongoing. We have acquired a wealth of genetic ammunition through this license that has potential for the treatment of established human cancers as well as possibly preventing cancers with early...Experiments offer major clue to repairing diseased nerves
... acts through a particular pathway that appears to induce the production of nerve precursor cells," Arnett added. "Those cells will eventually differentiate into oligodendrocytes -- cells that make myelin and surround nerve axons." Tumor necrosis factor is the subject of intense study by medical scienti...Study examines how prion disease adapts to new species
...tists believe the misshapen prion proteins somehow induce normal prion proteins to form incorrectly. These abnormal molecules may spread the disease to new individuals. Alternatively, some scientists still believe that the disease may be initiated by a virus. Dr. Chesebro and his team first inoculated mi...Bigger betas are better Protein found to provide pancreatic cells with protection against diabetes
...ells convert glucose into energy. After failing to induce diabetes in their experimental mice by killing β cells, Birnbaum and his colleagues found that there was a significant increase in both β cell size and the total mass of the islets. According to Birnbaum, Akt1 is a potent factor in decidin...Men and women drinking equal amounts of alcohol have unequal risks for liver damage
...ining alcohol or alcohol-free diets for 30 days to induce fatty liver with minimal necrosis and inflammation... heavy use of alcohol, the inability of females to induce protective mechanisms will place females at higher risk of liver damage when both genders drink equa...Researchers identify pathogen-specific gene response in human immune cells
...athogen. For example, E. coli was able to rapidly induce a set of genes that attracts neutrophils; however influenza virus was not able to activate these genes. These kind of results allowed the authors to conclude that the dendritic cell plays an important role as a messenger in the bodyit senses infecti...Parasitic worms 'read' the bodys immune condition and reproduce accordingly
...Growth factors secreted by the CD4+ cells normally induce growth of other immune cells, but these secretions appear also to induce rapid growth in the parasites. The scientists now want to clarify what CD4+ lymphocyte products the ...Scientists find new evidence for specific actions of alcohol in brain
...e. Conducted on rats, the new study sought to induce and block Fos protein in brain as measured with Fos-like Immunohistochemistry (Fos-LI), Knapp said. Fos proteins belong to a family of proteins known to reflect changes in cellular activity and participate in regulating gene activity. Measurement of...Dendritic cell-based vaccination to prevent opportunistic fungal infections
...e tested a strategy that was recently developed to induce mucosal antibodies against a bacterial pathogen. This approach relies on dendritic cells (DC), which normally express the receptor CD40 and can be activated by the T cell?borne CD40 ligand, CD40L. Transfecting DC with the CD40L circumvents this step,......th interferon as in lupus, the dendritic cells can induce strong immunity, eventually leading to autoimmunity, when body tissues are mistakenly attacked by the patients own immune system. The analyses, he said, revealed that dendritic cells are produced very efficiently when blood cells from normal donors w...Pictures reveal how nerve cells form connections to store short- and long-term memories in brain
...e the cells of our choice by shining light, we can induce the actual structural changes that occur in the brain-the formation of these new synapses." In their experiments, the UCSD researchers discovered that when they stimulated a cell once, the actin inside the cell was activated and temporarily moved to......s of each four-week cycle of estrogen treatment to induce withdrawal bleeding. The Dose-Response Study The growth hormone Genotropin was administered in a stepwise incremental regimen during the second month of each estrogen phase, at a dose of 0.5 IU/day (0.17 mg/day) for the first week, one IU/day (0.33......the body. Scientists can now isolate stems cells, induce them to multiply and preferentially direct them to become, for example, skin cells, nerve cells or heart cells. This opens the door to replacing damaged adult cells that are not able to regenerate and may ultimately allow scientists to grow replacem...Glomerular fibrosis now all the RAGE
...he authors show that RAGE signaling is required to induce trans-differentiation in cultured kidney cells and rat kidney tissue, and probably also in the diabetic human kidney. In the rat system, a drug that removes sugar adducts on proteins prevents trans-differentiation. This treatment also limits the secr......ed keratinocytes receive inflammatory signals that induce keratinocyte differentiation and migration to the site of injury, where they initiate the wound healing process. Dr. Wahli and colleagues have discovered that these inflammatory signals actually promote PPARbeta expression and the PPARbeta protein, i......rcher to turn-on K-Ras gene expression at will and induce tumorigenesis. The two models differ, though, in their regulatory agent and their ability to turn-off K-Ras expression. Dr. Jacks and colleagues developed a mouse strain that expresses K-Ras upon infection with a genetically engineered virus. Their a......omponents of the adipogenic cascade were unable to induce adipogenesis in the absence of PPARgamma. This evidence suggests that PPARgamma is the critical player in the fat differentiation pathway. Dr. Camp and colleagues at Sangamo Biosciences went one step further and identified exactly which form of PPAR...