Bacterial Toxin Surprises Scientists
...s determined the parts of the protein that lie on each side of the membrane when colicin Ia is in its innocuous, closed-channel state and when it is in its harmful, open-channel state (see images). The scientists discov...Antarctic Science Season Gears Up With Searches for Meteorites, Neutrinos, and New Life Forms
...y six meters. West Antarctica's swift ice streams lie above a geologic rift -- an area where the earth's crust is pulling apart, possibly with profound effects on the ice streams' behavior, and hence on the ice sheet's overall stability. An aerogeophysical survey headed by Donald Blankenship of the Uni......ses a women's risk of developing breast cancer may lie in her genes, researchers at the University at Buffalo and the National Cancer Institute have found. Results of their study, the first to consider genetic variability as a factor in a person's breast-cancer susceptibility to the carcinogens in ...New Nonviral Gene Therapy System Could Help Fight Cancer
...d begin working immediately ondividing cells, then lie in wait for other cells that divide later. And, Wagner said, the system would not have the negativeside effects of some current cancer treatments because onlydiseased cells are attacked. "This is the benefit of this technique over chemothe...Merging Physics And Neuroscience: First Evidence Of Self-Organized Criticality In Brain Networks
...m the model and the graph from the experimentcould lie on top of one another," Jung said. "The experiment fitsthe model very well, so we know we are in the right class ofsystems." Origins of Self-Organized Criticality Physicists Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld firstdescribed the phenomenon of ...Evolution Re-Sculpted Animal Limbs By Genetic Switches Once Thought Too Drastic For Survival
...head--orient theembryonic tissues as to where they lie in the body. In the case of that particular fly mu...turned on in a segment, it tells the limb budsthey lie in the part of the thorax that should grow locomotory legs. Theresearchers found variation in the pa...Discovery Of Genetic Pathways May Provide New Ways To Combat Candida Infections
...ected that one key to Candida's infectiousness may lie in its ability to switch to one of several filamentous forms, but until recently, they had hardly attempted to figure out this wiring diagram because Candida albicans, the most common pathogen, is asexual and therefore intractable for genetic studies...Photocatalytic Air Cleaning System Promises To Help Allergy Sufferers
...d need to be 100 percent destroyed. Otherwise they lie dormant and grow back. Because mold spores also circulate in the air, cleaning an environmental surface is not an efficient way of eliminating molds. This system eliminates molds altogether." Goswami said the system has been tested successful...Limits Of Life On Earth: Are They The Key To Life On Other Planets?
...unable to explain this hypothesis. The answer may lie in methane, which, if added to the Martian paleoatmosphere, may have brought the surface temperature above the freezing point of water early in the planet's history. But where would this methane have come from? Such a source could, in principle, ha...Genetic Risk Factors For Anorexia Nervosa Sought
...epossibility that a risk gene for that illness may lie along that stretch of thegenome, prompting the scientists to perform a closer analysis of that segment ofDNA. According to Berrettini, anorexia nervosa is defined as an eatingdisorder characterized by a refusal to ingest sufficient quantit...Butterfly Wings, Beetle Horns Teach Biologists Basic Lesson In Development's Laws
...ontrol of how big an organ or tissue grows doesn't lie entirely within thatorgan or tissue," Nijhout said. "It has long been suspected that this is thecase, but the evidence has been indirect. For example, your arm may grow to acertain length because of some genetic development program within that arm. B...Duke Researchers Call Gene Therapy A Promising Strategy For Sickle Cell Anemia
...nal Science, show that successful gene therapy may lie not incorrecting faulty DNA, the storehouse of genetic information, but in correctingthe RNA, which translates that genetic information to the protein synthesismachinery of a cell. It also provides a potential path toward ridding the sicklecell defec...Naked DNA Rejuvenates Rheumatoid Rodents
...ay exert its effects indirectly through cells that lie outside of thejoint itself. However, this route of delivery also carries the risk of bonemarrow suppression, anemia, and formation of fibrous tissues in thekidneys--undesirable side effects associated with exposing the entire body to high levels of ...Putting Down Your Roots: How Plants Know To Do It
...e plant'sdirective that if a root is reoriented to lie horizontal to the surface of theearth, or in other words, turned 90 degrees with respect to gravity, it respondsby altering its direction of growth, curving downward again until it finds itsway into the earth. Scientists have known that duri...Ancient "Jumping DNA" May Have Evolved into Key Component of Human Immune System
...nation. However, jawless hagfish and lamprey,which lie just below the jawed vertebrates on the evolutionary tree and do notpossess the system of B and T lymphocytes, lack RAG1 and RAG2 or any closerelatives of these genes. Based on these findings, Schatz and his colleaguessuggest that the RAG transposase......dy size. The success of this research may lie in the fact that selection wascarried out over multiple generations, which increased the likelihood ofidentifying small genetic effects. Some problems remain, however. For instance,the scientists cannot distinguish between the effects of female choic...Research Team Finds Gene Causing Two Types Of Muscular Dystrophy
...n the portion of chromosome 2 where the gene might lie andidentified five candidate genes in that area that were expressed in skeletalmuscle tissue. Using information from several families with Miyoshi myopathy,they identified nine mutations in the gene later named dysferlin that were foundin people wit...September/October 1998 Table Of Contents
... medicine, toxicology, psychology, andengineering lie the understanding and remedies for this growing problem. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS Nutrition 1% Or Less: A Community-Based Nutrition Campaign Bill Reger, Margo G. Wootan, et al. Commentary Toward More Healthful Dietary Pattern...Out On A Limb: Young Burro Receives Artificial Leg At Colorado State
...er cause problems in that limb ormake them want to lie down for longer and longer periods of time." Prosthetics are occasionally used on horses that have value as breedingstock, he said. While he's unfamiliar with prosthetics on donkeys - other than aburro whose leg was amputated above the hoof b...Gene Therapy In A Liquid May Lead To Quicker, Easier Methods For Treating Disease
Gene therapy's future may lie in swallowing a liquid. Scientists at Jefferson Medical College have successfully administeredgene therapy orally, effectively curing lactose intolerance in rats. In provingthat gene therapy may potentially be given this way, the work may even...