New portable device senses chemical weapons
...g are required. The likelihood that such intricate machinery can survive portable application scenarios is low and that is why FT-IR has been confined to the laboratory environment for the most part. The UD design relies on an infrared light bulb and a focal plane array similar to a charge-coupled device, or ...Primitive microbe offers model for evolution of animals
...that the choanoflagellates had evolved some of the machinery necessary to interact with one another like animal cells, said Carroll. Further analysis of the MBRTK1 protein and comparison of its structure with kinases in other organisms could yield important evolutionary insights. "We'd like to know if this pro...Microbe genes help scientists reconstruct animal origins
...ult," explains Carroll. "It takes a lot of genetic machinery to do that, and you have to ask the question, did it all arise when animals came along, or was some of it in place earlier?" The current study, he says, strongly suggests that the key genes animals use today were indeed already available on the eve ...Required activation 'cascade' identified for p53 tumor-suppressor protein
... DNA cannot be physically accessed by the cellular machinery of transcription, and so their expression is repressed. The coils of DNA around the histones must first be loosened to permit gene expression. HATs are enzymes that add an acetyl molecule to the histone, which has the effect of loosening the DNA coil...Study shows how plant cells spin cotton
...p the first glucose unit near the cellulose-making machinery in the cell membrane. After the first step, the enzymes can make the chain longer by adding extra glucose units to the end away from the sterol. The growing chain is pushed through the cell membrane to the outside of the cell. In some plants, such as...Tiny molecular change inactivates tumor suppressor gene in neurofibromatosis
...ur study shows, however, that the same RNA editing machinery essential to normal function in the intestine can inactivate the neurofibromin tumor suppressor in some patients with neurofibromatosis. The evidence that RNA editing occurs the same way in both the gut and in tumor tissue comes from the presence of ...Researchers find gene involved in pain relief
...EAM produces a protein that suppresses the genetic machinery that reads the DNA code for dynorphin, which decreases dynorphin production. Dynorphin is a peptide normally produced in the body. Known as an endorphin, it is produced in response to pain or stress. "We knew about DREAM and its role in dynorphin exp...Insect bites on plants reduce photosynthesis, imaging device shows
...a plant may purposely turn down its photosynthetic machinery to boost its defensive capacity. We dont know how our results will hold up in a real ecosystem, as weve only tested this instrument in a one plant-insect system under laboratory conditions, said Evan H. DeLucia, a UI professor of plant biology. But ...Researchers link gene to hereditary form of prostate cancer
...ing clue about the workings of the complex genetic machinery that leads to this common cancer." "It has been clear for some time that hereditary factors play a major role in prostate cancer risk," added Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., director of the National Human Genome Research Institute. "The discovery o...Clamping down on a cancer-causing protein
...s in a part of the molecule quite distant from the machinery that actually transmits signals. Clinical trials are currently being performed with a drug called STI571, which appears to directly block the transmission machinery, but some patients are able to develop resistance to the drug. This might be because ...Growth factor receptor signaling critical to intestinal tumor development, studies show
...ion that inhibits the receptors chemical signaling machinery should help treat advanced colorectal cancers in humans one day. A report on the findings appears online today (Jan. 29) in the latest edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Authors include doctoral student Reade B. Roberts a...Study reveals new information on how viruses enter cells
...ell. This genetic information then sets the cell's machinery to work creating replicas of the virus. "Thoug...ts messages, the baseplate also prepares the virus machinery to eject its DNA into the host cell. "A whole series of events are required to recognize, attach......t we discovered are some of essential parts of the machinery that a cell uses to set up differences in the embr...h dual roles. "The idea that the general cellular machinery can play a direct role in specialized processes in development opens up a new way of thinking," says...E. coli bacteria make Alzheimers-linked fibers
...This is the first example of a dedicated molecular machinery to produce amyloid and thus shows that amyloid production is not always a mistake, says Hultgren. This finding gives us a powerful genetic system to study the molecular details of amyloid formation and may allow us to begin designing drugs that will ...Tracing the neural circuitry of second sight
...speculate that subtle genetic malfunctions of this machinery might underlie some sleep disorders. In an article published in the February 8, 2002, Science , a research team led by Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator King-Wai Yau described the circuitry, which consists of a subset of nerve cells tha...Mating molds provide new insights into speciation and human reproduction
...don`t want that. I`m going to activate my cellular machinery to turn off genes that are not paired properly at the 14-chromosome stage," Metzenberg explained. "It`s a meiotic defense system that defends the fungus against invasion at a time when chromosomes are especially vulnerable to the spread of viruses an......starter interferon molecules, and this activates a machinery that churns out vast amounts of different types of interferons. These spread through the body as an alarm signal. Studies of infection in cell cultures suggested that removing the receptors, and thus the sensing apparatus, also halted the interferon-...Homing in on a receptor for the fifth taste
... have important implications for understanding the machinery of taste. "When Nick Ryba and I began this collaboration a bit over four years ago, our ultimate goal was to understand how the brain knows what you just tasted," he said. "We wanted to discover how taste receptor cells are activated and how their si...Scientists reveal fine detail of cell's energy machinery
...ure provides a valuable insight into the molecular machinery of life," said Professor Iwata. Formate dehydrogenase-N, a bacterial enzyme involved in nitrate respiration, lies in the membranes of cells. Iwata's Laboratory of Membrane Protein Crystallography is one of a small number around the world that focuse...Study to help solve health problems by understanding gene, protein behavior in cells
...eir environments, we must understand the molecular machinery that lies inside," Tyson said. "Geneticists can o..., you must understand how the underlying molecular machinery works. To do this, we need the kind of simulation environment promised by BioSPICE." The DOD also i...