One fig, one wasp? Not always!
...tellites matched perfectly with groupings based on mitochondrial genes sequenced by Carlos Machado (STRI and University of Arizona), which confirmed that cryptic wasps had evolved separately for more than 1.5 million years. Some cryptic wasp species are actually sister species, i.e. they share the same ancestor......d inexpensive and reliable techniques that amplify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from an animal's dung. Their new protocols have proven to overcome previous barriers to non-invasive sampling, including contamination, low quality, and degradation of DNA. How and from what ancestors a species evolved over millions...Diabetes in the elderly linked to fewer cellular 'power plants'
... power to cells. The findings suggest that reduced mitochondrial activity underlies insulin resistance, which is a ...acids to be delivered to muscles and/or defects in mitochondrial oxidation might then lead to the accumulation of these fatty acids." To trace the cause of insulin r...Mouse study suggests mammoth evolutionary change
... because it does not take the possibility of rapid mitochondrial DNA evolution into account." "It also suggests that the 'molecular clock' may sometimes, and sporadically, tick blindingly fast."...160,000-year-old fossilized skulls from Ethiopia are oldest modern humans
.... Scientists tracking evolution through changes in mitochondrial DNA, which is passed from mother to daughter, have estimated that humans derive their mitochrondrial genes from an ancestral mother nicknamed "Eve" who lived in Africa about 150,000 years ago. Other scientists studying the male Y chromosome have reac...JCI table of contents, 16 June 2003
... towards mutated DNA TITLE: Site-specific somatic mitochondrial DNA point mutations in patients with thymidine phosphorylase deficiency AUTHOR CONTACT: Michio Hirano Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. Phone: 212-305-1048 Fax: 212-305-3986 E-mail: mh29@columbia.edu ...Giant bloom fades, science continues
...mell. The heating, which involves a process called mitochondrial uncoupling, occurs because the machinery that normally generates energy for cells generates excess heat. Amorphophallus titanum, which is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, spends most of its life as an underground stem called a corm. Once...Plant genes imported from unrelated species more often than previously thought, IU biologists find
...ansfer occurs for just about any gene in the plant mitochondrial genome," said biologist and Class of 1955 Endowed ... encountering unique gene sequences along circular mitochondrial DNA chromosomes in three flowering plant species, Palmer and his team sought to determine the source...Study reveals genetic activity of key step in malaria parasite's cycle
...omes, the circular "plastid" genome and the linear mitochondrial genome within the red blood cells, through the ring, trophozoite and schizoint stages of parasite development. The pattern of expression revealed sets the organism apart from all other known one-celled organisms, says DeRisi. "Most of the genes were...New study rebuts claims about Icelandic genetic heterogeneity
...tic heterogeneity of Icelanders in his analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, are poor comparative measures of genetic diversity in closely related populations such as those of Iceland and other European countries. Agnar Helgason, corresponding author on the new study, says: "A consideration of 83 unlink...JCI Table of Contents, September 15, 2003
...dopaminergic neurodegeneration and deficits in the mitochondrial electron transport chain reminiscent of Parkinson ...the infusion of the ketone body D-beta-HB restored mitochondrial respiration and protected against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration and motor deficits. The study suppo...NCI awards $7.6 million to prostate cancer research collaboration
...ssor of Urology at Emory University, will research mitochondrial DNA mutations in prostate cancer to determine how those mutations protect cancer cells from their normal cell death and enhance tumor growth and metastasis and how cancer-associated stromal cells may support the survival of cancer cells. In addi...JCI Table of Contents, November 3, 2003
...*********************************** High rates of mitochondrial DNA mutations found in human colonic crypt stem cells High rates of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation occur in human colonic crypt stem cells. This finding, reported by Douglass Tur...Researchers show absence of key oxygen-sensing molecule leads to developmental defects
...ive stress conditions seen in human patients with mitochondrial defects. "The surprise was that mice lacking the ...hanges in multiple organs that was suggestive of a mitochondrial disease state," said Dr. Joseph Garcia, assistant professor of internal medicine and senior author o...Novel approaches to current cellular therapies continue progress toward disease prevention
...oning process, there are slight differences in the mitochondrial proteins of transplanted stem cells from those of the recipient cow. This difference in mitochondrial proteins has the potential to trigger the body's immune response. However, persisting engraftment s...JCI table of contents, December 15 2003
... authors] suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in beta cells exposed to hyperglycemia could prevent the positive feed-forward loop of glucotoxicity that pushes impaired glucose tolerance into frank type 2 diabetes." TITLE: Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling ...Ancient DNA mutations permitted humans to adapt to colder climates, UCI researchers find
...CI research team reports that key mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of human cells may have helped our mig...nd tissues. The mtDNAs are the blue prints for our mitochondrial power plants and determine the proportion of the calories in our diet that are allocated to generate...JCI Table of Contents, January 15 2004
...ling ocurred the authors observed abnormalities in mitochondrial shape within nerve terminals that correlated with ...e axons. The authors suggest that local failure of mitochondrial function may affect axonal transport and cause axonal degeneration. In an accompanying commentary, ...JCI table of contents, February 2, 2004
...monstrate that it is the dysfunction of the enzyme mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, responsible for denitrific...ch they are commonly used." TITLE: Central role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species in nitroglycerin tolerance and cross-tolerance AU......rrently untreatable human diseases. "What we call mitochondrial medicine how specific mitochondrial mutations and deficiencies lead to disease didn't even exist 15 years ago. Now the field is in its ...