Researchers Identify A New Cellular Structure: The "Dumposome"
...ntact and is passed along to offspring. The second nucleus carries the DNA used by theorganism during its own lifetime. The dumposomes break down 15 to 20 percent of this DNA during reproduction. The idea of selective DNA removal is not new: Researchers have observed it in many organisms, including worm...New Nonviral Gene Therapy System Could Help Fight Cancer
...Institute, allows genes to be expressedoutside the nucleus of a cell, making it easier for scientists to getd...chniques is gettingthe corrective genes inside the nucleus of diseased cells, saidXandra Breakefield, professor of neurology at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital a...New Study Shows Steps Leading To Colon Cancer
...s and 'beta-catenin' in humans, goes into the cell nucleus and helps regulate gene expression or, in other words, turns genes on and off." In normal embryonic development, by switching genes on and off, the protein tells cells which tissues they should make and directs, for example, development of arms and......ake over a significant fraction of the spacein the nucleus and at some point will begin to shut down nuclear processescritical to the cell's survival," says Randall N. Pittman, PhD, an associateprofessor of pharmacology and senior author on the Neuron paper, which dealswith Machado-Joseph disease. "What's em...Huntington's Disease Findings Pave Way For Potential Cure
...t of the human HD gene, the researchers saw in the nucleus of each mouse brain cell a rough, grainy, circula...of huntingtin protein. The proteinentered the cell nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane. The NII werepresent in the brain cell nuclei of mice with s...Imaging Studies Illuminate Brain's Response To Cocaine
... case ofcraving. "Our observations regarding the nucleus accumbens were probably the mostunexpected," says Breiter. "That area has been thought to be involved inreinforcement, so we expected it would be activated as part of the pleasurablerush/high experience. But its continuing high level of activation ...Long-Term Vitamin C Use Cuts Cataract Risk In Older Women
...ies. Many of the opacities were found in the lens nucleus (nuclearregion) of the eye. Thirteen percent of the women reported taking vitamin C supplements for 1 to 4 years, 18% for 5to 9 years, and 11% for greater than 10 years. Of the 26 women who took supplements forgreater than 10 years, 4 consumed an av...New Gene Therapy Technique Results In 60 Percent Tumor Regression Rate
.... Also, T7 allowsgenes to be expressed outside the nucleus of a cell, which means it can be usedon cells that aren't dividing. "We think this is why we had such positive results of total andpermanent regression of the tumors we studied," Wagner says. "While most cancercells are dividing, oncologists t...Prostate Cancer Switch May Yield Map Of Cancer Machinery, Targets For Drugs
...for the receptor and which moves out of the cell's nucleus to theprotein-making machinery, where it governs p... genetic mistakes in producing messengerRNA in the nucleus and not in alternative splicing of the RNA into one form oranother. The researchers' next ai...Researchers Discover Existing Drugs May Prevent Enlarged Hearts
...es its target protein, NFAT3,which then enters the nucleus and turns on the genes that cause heartenlargement...e cells, which allowed activated NFAT3 toenter the nucleus and start the hypertrophic response. By day 18 oflife, the mice's hearts had enlarged to two to thre...Electron Accelerator Provides Unique Proof Of Gene Repair Process In Living Cells
... wanted to break chromosomes in a tiny area of the nucleus of a living human cell without blasting it away," ...ng the damaged DNA in the unprotected parts of the nucleus with a fluorescent dye, they compared the areas that had been exposed to those that hadn't. They fou..."A Thousand (And More) Points Of Light" Yield New View Into Cells
...theresearchers infer that the transcript exits the nucleus and reaches the cellcytoplasmwithin minutes, because, as Singer reports, "We don't see anything accumulatedinside the nucleus." The technique that allows such detailed views of molecular functioningemploys multiple oligonucleotide probes that ar...... synapse between neurons in the ventral coclear nucleus and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body can be monitored simultaneously. This technique provides a key to...The First Rejection: Eggs Sequester Bits Of Sperm For Later Elimination
...up hazardous mutations just as the DNA of a cell's nucleus can. If mitochondria were inherited both maternally and paternally, the cell would have two genetically different sets of mitochondria, each of which could pick up mutations. By having only one genetic type of mitochondria inherited from the mother, ...Gene May Hold Key To Treating Life-Threatening Cholesterol
...R-alpha, a protein molecule found primarily in the nucleus of liver cells. The researchers engineered mice that lacked LXR-alpha, then fed them diets high in cholesterol. Without the receptor, the cholesterol levels in the mice rose so high it destroyed liver function. In humans, excessive amounts of cholest...Cops And Docs Find Evidence In The Other DNA
...tery likely will hinge onDNA, but not DNA from the nucleus of a cell. Rather, investigators are lookingat circular DNA found in the mitochondria, a tiny structure thatconverts nutrients into energy for a cell. Mitochondrial DNA, inheritedmaternally, can remain intact long after nuclear DNA has degraded. Crim...Ligand Scientists Discover Tissue-Selective Female Hormone Mimics
...by turning on or off specific genes located in the nucleus of a cell. The Ligand-developed progestins are small enough to enter a cell, and they areselective enough to bind with the specific receptor that will "turn on" thepositive responses of progesterone therapy without activating potentiallynegative pro...Scientists Learn How Cells Limit Their Stress
...ollowing stress. Now they have found in the cell's nucleus another signal molecule they callHSBP-1, the first known "off-switch" regulator of chaperone production. HSBP-1binds both to the chaperones and to heat shock factor and prevents the factorfrom activating genes to produce more chaperones. "This is the...Pharmacologists Discover Linkage Of Key Cell Switches
...switches ona complex of other proteins in the cell nucleus that triggers the T-cell toactivate genes, a process called transcription. That ultimately leads to rapidproliferation of the T-cells. CaMKIV is triggered to action when an outside signal unleashes a floodof calcium into the T-cell. What puzz......cells' genetic material. It is thismovement to the nucleus that signals the per and tim genes to stop making ...al time lag, PER and TIMcan pair and move into the nucleus prematurely. "In other words, the double-time gene regulates the buildup of PER in the cell.This d...