Rockefeller scientists discover surprising new cancer gene
...late in the body. The active Stat then moves tothe nucleus to turn quiescent genes on. After a short period of activity, theStats become inactive again. Therefore, to study persistently active Stat3, thelab had to find a way to make a Stat3 molecule that would be constantly active.Melissa Wrzeszczynska, Ph.D......ng sequence for a riboprotein normally found inthe nucleus -- to endothelial cells. "Utilization of plasmid DNA by these cellshas been inefficient, until now," says Diamond. "We've achieved a 63-foldincrease in the expression of beta galactosidase with the addition of thenuclear protein sequence versus using...Molecular inner workings of fruit fly clock explained
... forming a two-protein complex that signals to the nucleus toturn off the timeless and period genes, which encode TIM and PER, respectively.The paired proteins disintegrate when exposed to light, completing the cycle.Specifically, light destroys TIM, after which PER lingers for a short whilebefore also getti...Scientists identify brain chemicals involved in 'switching on' cocaine addiction
...useincreases the production of this protein in the nucleus accumbens, an areaimportant for the perception of ...d, producedlarge quantities of the chemical in the nucleus accumbens. They figured thatstudying the effects of high delta-FosB levels on the animals' responses...Scientists uncover how a colon-cancer prevention drug works
...ponse. High levels of NF-kB have been found in the nucleus of some types oftumor cells, implicating a role for NF-kB in the stimulation of cancer-cellgrowth. "We found that sulindac inhibits a kinase (an enzyme that adds phosphate ontoits target), which in turn prevents the activation of NF-kB," Gaynor said....Study of fruit flies may yield new clues to colon cancer development
... andbeta catenin cellular levels rise. In the cell nucleus this triggers a molecular chain of events that in mammals leads to cell proliferation and tumorformation. "During normal development, cells are talking to one another, sending signals toa neighbor for a short period of time, at the right time and at ...Scientists identify novel component of cell-fate pathway
...d(DNA)-regulatory co-factors and enters the cell's nucleus where it binds to theDNA of Wnt-target genes to influence gene expression. Graff and colleagues identified CKI as a Wnt cascade component throughexperiments in frogs and worms. The component is a member of a family of enzymesthat transfers phosp...Jellyfish protein illuminates active immune cells
...om a receptor on the T cellsurface to the T cell's nucleus where molecules that control gene expression arelocated. He had preliminary evidence that suggested that the protein MEKK2concentrated around the T cell receptor after the receptor bound to its antigen.However, MEKK2's function in immune cells remain...Human genome bears a virus related to HIV-1
...ition to HIV, ushers viral messenger RNAs from the nucleus of a host cell into the cytoplasm, where they dire... also hijacks Crm1 to transport mRNA from a cell's nucleus to its cytoplasm. "The gene has been sitting in our genome all these millions of years, and it's in...U-M scientist discover how viruses hide inside human cells
...ve discovered how some viruses can hide inside the nucleus of human cells for long periods of time---without producing symptoms or triggering an immune response---by attaching to host cell chromosomes. The virus survives by going dormant until a weakened immune system allows infected cells to begin multiply...Smells may trigger alcohol craving, and relapse, among alcoholics
...opamine levels in a part of the brain known as the nucleus accumbens," said Simon N. Katner, Senior Scientist...e result is the same: dopamine is released in the nucleus accumbens. Dopamine appears to be one of the primary neurotransmitters of reward at this site. "Thi...How alcohol gives, and then takes away
... to be a primary neurotransmitter of reward in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus areas of the brain. Serotonin is believed to have an additive or synergistic effect on dopamine. Alcohol is known to initially lead to an increase in dopamine release, which supposedly enhances reward/pleasure. However, c...Understanding key protein in Fragile X syndrome
...ffects how genetic messages travel from the cell's nucleus to its protein manufacturing apparatus. With the i...ey also know that FMRP shuttles between the cell's nucleus and cytoplasm, and that it visits ribosomes, where the genetic code for building proteins is transla...3-D structure of human transcription factor proteins revealed
...ich then carries the information out of the cell's nucleus and into its cytoplasm where proteins are assembled. "Our 3-D reconstruction gives us a good idea as to how TFIID works in concert with TFIIA and TFIIB to initiate and regulate the transcription of protein coding genes," says Nogales. Structural d...Greens, B12 may lower heart disease and cancer risk
...ar and tear of DNA - genetic material found in the nucleus in our cells. "We have found that people with above-average damage to their DNA may reduce some of the damage by boosting their intake of these vitamins," Dr Fenech says. The results are part of ongoing studies that measure the types and levels of......fore migrating into the cell's nucleus to initiate a gene response. Smad ... away from cell division, they help position the nucleus within the cell, assist in the migration of organelles inside the cell and can ...Nicotine may have another side effect: heavy drinking
...cotine brings about the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol consumption also leads to dopaminerelease, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not completely understood. "This is an elegant series of studies designed to look at the effects of nicotine on alcohol consumption," saidSteph......ecules neatly packaged into chromosomes within the nucleus of every cell. The sequence of chemical units in the DNA is a kind of code that specifies the structures of protein molecules, which carry out most of the functions of living cells. The complete DNA sequence of the human genome, if compiled in boo...UMass microbiologist's Nature article contributes to understanding of how cells divide
...of a simple organism that roughly corresponds to a nucleus in a more complex one -- separate, and cells divide properly. Without priA, nucleoids fail to separate properly, and the replication process is stalled. "Anytime there is replication, forks can get damaged," explained Sandler. "What's new in this...Hopkins researchers develop a non-invasive screening test for cancer
...s have been identified in nuclear DNA only. A cell nucleus contains only two copies of DNA, one inherited from each parent. In contrast, many copies of mitochondrial DNA are contained within each cell, and these increased numbers make them easier to identify than nuclear mutations, explains Makiko S. Fliss, ...