Fossils reveal direct link between global warming and genetic diversity in wildlife
...ious studies have shown that interbreeding usually occurs among large populations of animals, "this study shows that gene flow is occurring when population sizes are low," Hadly said. "So the snapshot we have today about how populations are connected may not be how it actually persists through time." The st...$18 million bioinformatics center to become weapon against deadly diseases
...cterium that causes listeriasis, an infection that occurs mainly in newborn infants, the elderly and patients with a weakened immune system; Campylobacter jejuni, a bacterium that commonly causes diarrhea....Long-term effects of carbon monoxide poisoning are an autoimmune reaction
... people treated in the U.S. annually. Brain damage occurs days to weeks later in half of the patients with a serious case of CO poisoning. The physiological causes of this delayed decline were not well understood until now. A team led by Stephen R. Thom, MD, PhD, Professor of Emergency Medicine and Chief ...How an insidious mutation fools DNA replication
...uanine" that can lead to a mismatch. This mismatch occurs in the process of replicating DNA, which begins when the two strands unzip. A protein enzyme called DNA polymerase then works its way along one "template" strand adding nucleotides to create a new double-stranded DNA. In the replication process, the ...Study of flu patients reveals virus outsmarting key drug
...he importance of this work is that when a pandemic occurs with a new virus and this drug is extensively used, then we may be faced with the rapid appearance of resistant viruses," Kawaoka says. At present, there are only two strategies for stemming the spread of influenza: vaccines and antiviral drugs. Vacc...UC Irvine scientists to develop vaccine to combat bioterrorism threat from deadly bacteria
...p weapons that use B. pseudomallei ." Melioidosis occurs primarily in tropical regions, such as Southeast A...since the bacterium thrives in water. Transmission occurs when humans and animals inhale dust bearing the bacteria, when they drink contaminated water, or whe...Meteorites supplied Earth life with phosphorus
...could have provided more phosphorus than naturally occurs on Earth -- enough phosphorus to give rise to biomolecules which eventually assembled into living, replicating organisms.Phosphorus is central to life. It forms the backbone of DNA and RNA because it connects these molecules' genetic bases into long ...Engineering endurance: The future of the Olympics?
...performance. Hypoxia (the physiological state that occurs when oxygen levels drop below normal) governs how ATP is recycled and which energy-producing substrates (for example, glucose or fatty acids) are used; it also generates metabolic by-products, like lactic acid, during strenuous exercise. (Runners kno...U of T study identifies possible stem cells in pancreas
...tem. "The existing dogma regarding how development occurs states that fairly early in development, there is a distinction made between a group of cells destined to make the brain and another group destined to make the pancreas," he says. "The idea that a single cell within the pancreas could make both beta ...Virus known for its photo ops makes its movie screen debut
...movie, helping scientists understand how infection occurs and possibly enabling them to apply this knowledge for the benefit of human patients in the future. "Instead of a still photo of the baseplate, we now have a movie of it opening," said Rossmann, who is Henley Distinguished Professor of Biological Sci...Scientists reinvent DNA as template to produce organic molecules
...tively complex cyclic products. Chemical synthesis occurs very differently in laboratories and in cells. Chemists typically work with molecules that react to form products when they randomly collide at high concentrations. By contrast, biomolecules are found within cells at concentrations that are often a m......chulze-Lefert discovered a mlo gene fragment which occurs in several repeats in the genome of the mutant. About ten adjacent repeats could be detected during analysis. They are located "upstream" of the wild-type gene on the DNA and are directly linked to mildew resistance. "The repeats are read along with ...Gene linked to cleft lip and palate identified
...lombia. Cleft lip (with and without cleft palate) occurs in about 1 in every 1,000 births in the U.S., or more than 4,000 babies each year. A cleft is an opening or separation in a body structure. Clefts that occur in the oral-facial region often involve the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (hard palate)...Stem cell research targets cerebral palsy
...the site of an injury, such as a brain injury that occurs in cerebral palsy. More recently, researchers have...the United States, is defined as brain damage that occurs before or during birth. The number of people with the disorder has increased over the last 30 years ...Gene changes linked to increased eye pressure may have implications for glaucoma therapy
... hardening of tissue. Increased eye pressure often occurs in glaucoma, a blinding eye disease that affects about 70 million people worldwide, and the new findings may have implications for treating this disease. The study currently appears in the online October issue of the Journal of Cellular Physiology ....Scientist who discovered Sly syndrome finds new research path to explore for treating the disease
... are more common than Sly Syndrome." Sly Syndrome occurs in less than one in 250,000 births and is a progressive disorder that ranges in severity to extremely severe - resulting in death - to mild. It is caused by the deficiency of an enzyme called beta-glucuronidase, which leads to an accumulation of prot...More aggressive breast cancer tumors found in African American women
...related to a more aggressive form of breast cancer occurs four times more often in African American patients than their white counterparts, Yale researchers report in the August 9, 2004 online edition of the journal Cancer. In the United States, African-American women have a lower incidence of breast cancer...Preschool bolsters early childhood immunity, reduces risk of young adult Hodgkin's lymphoma
...profile. In developed countries, the initial peak occurs among young adults aged 15 to 39, and the second peak from the mid-50s onward. Our study found no significant association between preschool attendance and risk of HL in adults aged 55 to 70, suggesting a different model for the etiology of the disea...Revealing bizarre deep-sea secrets
...cence given off by deep -sea animals. Fluorescence occurs when an animal or object absorbs light of one color and then reemits light of, or glows, another color. In the ocean, detecting fluorescence can allow scientists to spot animals that would otherwise be too effectively camouflaged to see. Fluorescence......t's a logical possibility that a similar mechanism occurs in at least some cases of prostate cancer, but much additional research will be needed before we can know for sure." ...