UT Southwestern researchers show tumor-suppressor genes linked to insulin signaling
...o contain giant cells. One of the hormone-mediated pathways that play a role in cellular growth involves insulin. Understanding how cellular growth is controlled will ultimately lead to a better understanding of cancer. Given the link between the TSC genes and insulin signaling, Pan and Gao also believe that ......and other odors, and also provides neuroanatomical pathways by which odorous compounds affect our memory and emotions. In the nose, odorants bind to an extremely large family of receptors. This binding event initiates a cascade of molecular events culminating in the detection and recognition of an odor by the...Putting randomness to work: unique form of nanoscale random motion may drive key cellular functions
... trucks" to pull tiny sacks of chemicals along pathways known as microtubules. The accepted explanation for this motion is that the kinesins use their two leg-like "heads" to walk along the microtubule paths in a deliberate way, fueled by the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Bu...Study reveals molecular key to tumor suppressor activity
...enter, DNA damage triggers multiple cell signaling pathways aimed at insuring that p53 accumulates in the nucleus by adding a phosphate to the protein. Previous research has shown that this phosphorylation process is somehow associated with p53 activation. The new study elucidates the mechanism underlying P......." Roth's next goal is to figure out the molecular pathways that permit this recovery and why some vertebrates can survive a lack of oxygen - or other forms of extreme stress - and why others can't."In the case of heart disease, humans typically die of a failure to get enough oxygen to cells," he said. "Cells...Discovery: Scientists find new reason red blood cells cut blood flow in sickle cell disease victims
...sive means that when we understand these signaling pathways better, we should be able to target them with drugs to decrease the adhesiveness," she said. In further experiments, the scientists found that several compounds, including two enzyme inhibitors, prevented defective cells from sticking to vesse...Phenotype MicroArray(TM) can test thousands of cell properties simultaneously
...about 700 cellular phenotypes, including about 300 pathways of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur metabolism, 100 biosynthetic pathways, and 300 processes measured by increased or decreased sensitivity of cells to toxic chemicals. In addition to gene function analysis, PMs can be used to monitor the ge...Scientists decipher "fail-safe" system that limits gene copying in cells
... is no room for error." While multiple overlapping pathways are not thought to be an uncommon safeguard, few such systems have been clearly described, Li said. In yeast, as in human cells, DNA replication is triggered in the nucleus when proteins known as replication factors position themselves at hundreds to...Where there's soup, there's life
...ll definitely show what type(s) of carbon fixation pathways this organism has, how it gets some of it's essential elements, N, C, P, etc.," she said. "What I am also very interested in is how different or similar it is to its relative Aquifex. When the genome sequence of Aquifex was released, it rocked the b...Rat genes increase Vitamin C in plants
...sts paper stated that plant and animal biochemical pathways differed so much that animal genes could not work ...hat there may be a stronger connection between the pathways than previous research has shown. Although Nessler does not think that lettuce enriched in Vitamin ...Plant response to light and stress
...s link between light and auxin signal transduction pathways 560 kiloDaltons, to be exact. It was first notice..., though, genetic evidence linking plants response pathways to light and auxin has been lacking. Dr. Joanne Chory and colleagues discovered that two previously ...Brain tumors and mouse models: New insight into the development of gliomas
... genetic mutations in two different cell signaling pathways can contribute to the formation of gliomas. The f...a specific type of glial cell. Such cell signaling pathways are affected by molecules called growth factors, such as platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). The ...CWRU receives $2.2 million for Center for Computational Genomics
...ntal and computational approach for defining these pathways -- or the processes involved in the chemical reactions of the body -- as well as characterizing how biological functions are changed by genetic mutations, metabolic perturbations, and pharmacologic treatments. The interdisciplinary nature of the...Knockout of cav-1 protein causes loss of a cellular organelle
...n-1 and caveolae in organizing multiple signalling pathways in the cell and indicate important physiological roles for caveolae in lung function and the cardiovascular system....Does chromosome 4 hold the secret to human longevity?
... much older than average, as well as the metabolic pathways they influence. And it may turn out that there are similar pathways in lower organisms."...Scientists identify chromosome location of genes associated with long life
...cientists would like to understand the biochemical pathways the gene or genes affect to promote longevity. The authors speculate that such insight could lead to the development of drugs that mimic what centenarians possess genetically to escape the adverse consequences of aging. Were not trying to find the fo...NU scientist finds answers in Antarctic icefish
..., genome-wide scan for components of blood forming pathways hampers the gene identification approach for developing therapeutic agents targeted to these diseases and conditions. The Antarctic fish model solves this problem and permits construction of libraries enriched in blood cell formation genes. Potentia...The genetics behind miniature plants
...changes. Thus, plants have evolved complex genetic pathways to maintain normal growth patterns during temperature changes. Scientists from the Whitehead Institute have discovered a new mechanism of plant growth homeostasis. Dr. Gerald Fink and colleagues at have discovered that the gene, BONZAI1, or BON1 for ......adation (NMD), or mRNA surveillance, is one of the pathways that masks the effect of DNA mutations. Certain DNA sequence mutations cause the corresponding mRNA to contain a premature stop signal, called a PTC. When mRNAs containing a PTC are translated into proteins, the protein is truncated, or shortened. De......s generic embryonic cells begin down developmental pathways to become any of the 220 types of cells and tissue that make up the human body. Moreover, the ability to create supplies of blood in the lab has obvious implications for augmenting human blood supplies for transfusion and for transplant therapies to...