Scientists uncover molecular changes underlying amphetamine and antidepressant action
...ide the neuron. Themodification -- an addition of phosphate groups called phosphorylation -- of thetransporter...d and needs to be cleared, the transporter hasless phosphate groups added onto it. "We tried serotonin and other substrates for the transporter like amphetamines...Hepatitis C's interferon resistance mechanism discovered
...eukaryotic initiation factor 2(eIF2 a ). Adding a phosphate group to eIF2<FONTFACE="Symbol">a turns off protein synthesis within the infected cell.Though the cell dies, so too does the virus. Without protein synthesis, HCVcannot replicate and cannot establish a successful liver cell infection. Lai'...New enzyme tied to tangles in Alzheimer's disease
...ted capacity to produceenough Pin1 to keep up with phosphate additions to the tau protein. In thebrains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Pin1 is apparently depleted byworking overtime to keep fixing tau. For this study, the researchers comparedtissue samples from brains of people who had died from Alzhei......ange, known as phosphorylation - the addition of a phosphate tothe molecule - occurs in SF-1 at an activation region known as AF-1. And once ithas, it prompts the receptor to recruit its co-activators, located at thetraditional ligand-binding site, to help bring about changes in gene activity. "It's been dogma...Sandia Decontamination Foam May Be Tomorrow's Best First Response In A Chem-Bio Attack
...emicallydigest the chemical agent, seeking out the phosphate or sulfide bonds holdingthe molecules together and chopping the molecules into nontoxic pieces.How the foam kills spores -- bacteria in a rugged, dormant state -- still is notwell understood, Tucker adds. The researchers suspect the surfactants poke ...... kinase Abl. (Protein kinasesare enzymes that tack phosphate groups onto other kinds of proteins.) Whenanalyzin...tase family-- membrane-spanning proteinsthat slice phosphate groups off other proteins inside the cell. Three years ago,Van Vactor and Haruo Saito, HMS professor...UF Researcher: New Techniques Help Reconstruct Ancient Diets
... andpits in the fossilized teeth found in Lakeland phosphate mines. He concludedthat the horses ate a combination of foods befitting an ancient Florida ofsavannah-like grasslands interspersed with lush forests and marshy wetlandsinhabited by rhinos, llamas, elephants and other exotic creatures. "This s...New Findings On Receptor Regulation May Lead To Better Drugs For Diabetes
...ptor from the TZD-binding region, theaddition of a phosphate group to that distant site -- called phosphorylati...phorylated, Lazar notes. Thus, "if you remove the phosphate from theothers, drugs like Rezulin might work better, " he says. Or, it's possible thatby reducing p...Researchers Discover Tumor-Supressor Gene That May Indicate Susceptibility ToLung And Colon Cancer
...wth. If the gene is not working correctly, toomuch phosphate builds up on theregulatory proteins, and the growth becomes uncontrolled. This unchecked celldivision is the beginning of a tumor. The researchers found PPP2R1B on chromosome 11 in an area they call a "hot spot"for cancer genes. They knew where to fi......nactive OFF state, Ras cleaves off the terminal phosphate moiety, the g -phosphate, of GTP in an enzymatic process, the intrinsic GTPase reaction. The remaining GDP-bound Ras is no longer able to interact with effectors, it is switched OFF. The process of GTP cleavage is very slow: Ras spli...Security Code Helps Immune Cells Attack Foe And Spare Self
...that the activating signal involves theaddition of phosphate groups to two long receptor components called zeta... each recognizing a different site --but only if a phosphate was in place. "This allowed us to see when each site wasphosphorylated and under what conditions," A...Pharmacologists Discover Linkage Of Key Cell Switches
...hich turns on cell processesby chemically adding a phosphate to another protein -- itself is regulated byanother enzyme called a phosphatase that is attached to it. Phosphatases areenzymes that remove phosphates from other enzymes. Thus, the scientists found that the kinase, called "Calcium-calmodulind...University Of Pittsburgh Scientist Discovers How A Novel Vitamin K Stops Cancer Cell Growth
...l theaddition or removal of small molecules called phosphate groups from selectedproteins inside cells. Specif...otein-tyrosine phosphatases, which normally remove phosphate groupsfrom selected proteins inside liver cancer cells. However, Cpd 5 does notinterfere with anoth...... manufactured, contain different levels of phosphate monoesters. The phosphate content in potato tubers is exceptionally high as compared with other plant storage org...Peutz-Jeghers Disease Gene Identified: Enzyme Loss Causes Polyps And Cancer
...rtain cytosolic proteins (substrates) by adding phosphate groups to the side chains of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues. Kinases have highly diverse functions and are implicated in cell cycle regulation, growth control and signal transduction. The molecular mechanism by which STK11 control...New Molecular Switch Is The Key That Unlocks DNA Repair
...riphosphate--is attached to the complex. When a phosphate molecule is removed, leaving ADP--adenine diphosphate--the switch is “on” and bound to the mismatch. Dr. Fishel believes that the correct assembly of the repair machinery allows the switch to function properly. “hMSH...Researcher Discovers Plant Genes For Phosphate Uptake
...hat we may have only 90 years of high-quality rock phosphate fertilizer left, Purdue University researchers hav...ticulture. Based on currently known reserves, rock phosphate mines will be depleted by 2090, according to calculations by a Canadian researcher in 1996. Among th...Team Identifies Switch For Tumor Suppressor Gene
... body where a proteinknown as a phosphatase strips phosphate groups off a protein. Thestripped-down version of ... proliferate. When theRB protein is decorated with phosphate groups, as it is in manycases of human cancer, RB no longer knocks out these proteins,and cells grow...Scientists Determine 3-D Crystal Structure Of Cancer-Causing Protein
...an enzyme called a kinaseattaches a highly charged phosphate group to a tyrosine, one of the 20 aminoacids that make proteins, acting as a molecular switch that turns proteins offand on. In this study, Kuriyan and co-workers Frank Sicheri, Ph.D., and IsmailMoarefi, Ph.D., determined the three-dimension...ORNL Microscope "Sees" Bumps That Reveal Partial DNA Structure
... of deoxyribose sugar molecules hooked together by phosphate groupsand twisted into a double helix, not unlike a spiral staircase. The work was done by Dave Allison and Mitch Doktycz, both of ORNL'sMolecular Imaging Group, which is headed by Bruce Warmack. The group is inthe Health Sciences Research Division. ...