Protein fishing in America: The movie
...as single proteins interact. This raw data may not produce what we would think of as a motion picture, but for Lu it is just as good. It enables him to construct--in true sequence and in real time--the position and continuous motion of the single molecules for the millisecond they flip-flop against each othe...Researchers uncover secrets of immune system's munitions factory
...D) triggers mutations of antibody gene segments to produce an assortment of antibody proteins. This process enables the immune system to produce antibodies that will recognize billions of different antigens the fragments of foreign invaders tha...What actually influences air pollution over the Indian Ocean?
...of 2001, showed that the same monsoon storms which produce the torrential rains also lift insoluble gases like carbon monoxide into the upper troposphere, where they are then transported towards the Mediterranean. The junior research group of the Department of Atmospheric Chemistry has developed the techniqu...Unicellular organisms contribute more nitrogen to ocean that reported earlier
...errors in the researchers' experiment will tend to produce underestimates of the true rate, Montoya said. Second, they interpreted the data based on the assumption that unicells are only fixing nitrogen for 12 hours a day a common pattern for other nitrogen-fixing organisms. But some of their data indicate ...The insect police: Why social insects punish cheating comrades
...d and Keller estimated the extent to which workers produce their own male offspring and whether this was determined by how related the workers are to each other (e.g. some colonies are run by more than one queen); the 'efficiency hypothesis' predicts no such relationship. Contrary to expectations, they found...Improving crops without genetic modification natural variation holds the key
...nherent in wild relatives of cultivated crops--can produce varieties that outperform a commercially available hybrid tomato in both yield and drought resistance. Gur and Zamir attribute the improved performance to their unique breeding strategy. Their hybrid model--applying the tools of modern genomics to tr...Engineering endurance: The future of the Olympics?
...es glucose, stored as glycogen in muscle cells, to produce ATP. When blood oxygen levels drop, the gene trans...eeded for long distance. Fast-twitch fibers, which produce ATP through anaerobic glycolysis, generate rapid, powerful contractions but fatigue easily. Top-flig...Length of sex act in flies dictated by genetics
...enes are missing, both male and female fruit flies produce less sperm and eggs, and are less fertile. In the course of this research on fecundity, a graduate student in Giebultowicz's lab, Laura Beaver, was observing flies in mating chambers, and noticed that flies missing normal period or timeless genes ten...Anticancer drug zebularine specifically targets tumor cells
... of normal human fibroblasts, which are cells that produce collagen fibers and retain an ability to differentiate and grow. The difference between tumor cells and normal fibroblasts is that the growth of tumor cells tends to continue unchecked. What the researchers found was that, in all seven cancer cell li...Gold quantum dots have applications in biological labeling, nanoscale optics
...each size fluorescing at a different wavelength to produce ultraviolet, blue, green, red and infrared emissio...42 percent in an aqueous solution. The researchers produce the nearly spectrally pure, size-tunable gold nanodots through a slow reduction of gold salts (HAuCl...Nevada researcher re-ignites mammal reproduction debate
...tician Dan Willard said that large healthy mammals produce more male offspring when living in good conditions, such as areas where there is an ample food supply. Conversely, female mammals living in less desirable conditions would tend to have female offspring. According to Cameron, the hypothesis demonstra...Clemson University spin-off uses corn to make plastics, provide cleaner air
...rs. And reduce the air pollutants from plants that produce plastics for everything from cars to airplanes to golf clubs. "By finding commercial applications for Clemson research, Tetramer is fueling South Carolina's knowledge-based economy," said Earl H. Wagener, CEO of Tetramer. "We're creating jobs that wi...Counting foxes before the last tally-ho
... faeces that can be found during field surveys, to produce the final population numbers. Previous attempts to estimate Britain's fox population, using far less precise methods, gave a figure of 252,000 adult foxes in 1981 and 240,000 in 1995, compared to the new figure of 258,000 in 1999/2000. This suggests ......ystem that determines when they shed their leaves, produce seeds, and make flowers or fruit. Humans also have circadian rhythms, and we entrain our internal clocks to the 24-hour day. Under normal conditions, we time our major activities with daylight, we sleep during the nighttime, and some of our vital s...New model can aid in understanding immune system diseases
...gan, there is a risk that the activated virus will produce a viral protein called latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which in turn can cause B cell lymphoma, or tumors, Bishop said. The new mouse model will help researchers study how LMP1 impacts specific organs or tissues. Previous UI studies helped show tha...Putting energy into heart protection
...ource of energy, ATP, and trigger them to begin to produce ATP. This is done by inducing cells to stop any biochemical pathways that use energy and by turning on processes that take up glucose and free fatty acids from their surroundings in order to rebuild their ATP reservoir. The main protein involved in...JCI table of contents, 16 August, 2004
...ource of energy, ATP, and trigger them to begin to produce ATP. This is done by inducing cells to stop any biochemical pathways that use energy and by turning on processes that take up glucose and free fatty acids from their surroundings in order to rebuild their ATP reservoir. The main protein involved in...Gene duplication allowed pigs to have more babies
...one and two offspring at a time, whereas peccaries produce at least two offspring, and the true pigs, such as Sus scrofa, routinely have between three and four young. This evidence suggested that the new aromatase genes could have played a role in altering the reproductive behaviour of the animals. By study...Possible new cure for psoriasis
...sition of a larger protein, APP. The keratinocytes produce an enzyme which cuts the APP down to size as sAPPa: this is known as the a-secretase. Professor Herzog's research team has now blocked these 'molecular scissors'. 'We knew that certain metalloproteinase inhibitors impede the a-secretase. After addin......pe until they can acquire the genetic changes that produce the same effect. These new traits are genetically complex. When Sup35 misfolds into a prion form, it affects a number of genes in one fell swoop. "This prion," explains Lindquist, "has a capacity to hide and release genetic information throughout the...