Heart and Soul: The Blood Vessels And Brain Use Common Guide
...apsin/semaphorin family is the latest in a slew of proteins implicatedover the past 20 years in axonal guidance. They function by inducing thecollapse of outgrowing axon tips that venture into inappropriate brain areas,causing the affected axon to veer in another direction. This finding turns VEGF fro...Mouse Gene Reveals Clues To Human Deafness
...The critical gene codes for a member of a group of proteins calledtranscription factors, which control expression of other genes by binding tothem and allowing them to be turned on or off. In the inner ear, the mutantgene does not properly regulate other crucial genes. Deafness is the most common for...Wake Forest Study Shows Soy Containing A Key Ingredient Is What Lowers Cholesterol
... Crouse's study gave patients 25 grams of proteins at each serving fromidentical containers with 25, 42, 58 or 4 milligrams of isoflavone or the inertcasein. Neither patients nor staff knew which patients were on which treatment.The study produced stepwise results: the higher the concentration ofiso...Growth Factors Shown To Increase Vitamin C In The Immune System
...ing Cancer Center have foundthat the same class of proteins -- called growth factors -- which are knownto control growth and production of immune cells also increase their abilityto take up vitamin C. The findings, which are reported in the April issueof the journal Blood ,shed new light on the connection ...RNA-Dendritic Cell Combo Shows Promise As A Universal Cancer Vaccine
...e antigens,so this method requires analysis of the proteins each patient's tumor expresses.The Duke cancer vac...directlyinto immune cells, the RNA can produce the proteins specific to each patient'scancer. Furthermore, unlike proteins, tumor RNA can be amplified many time...Rapid Progress Reported On New Class Of Anti-Cancer Drugs
...t probably that a broad range of cancer-triggering proteins areactivated by the FTase enzyme's addition of a f...addsa longer 20-carbon isoprenoid molecule to some proteins to activate them.According to Casey, who discovered geranylgeranyl transferase, the enzyme mayalso p...Pitt Researchers Find Way To Block Cellular Growth Pathways And Inhibit Tumor Growth
... TGF-" bindsto EGFR, causing cell division. Both proteins are produced in abnormally highlevels by tumor cells, suggesting that they play an important role inmaintaining cancer growth. In their research, Dr. Grandis and her colleaguescreated genetic sequences that block the translation of the genes for TGF...How Did Life Begin? Biochemical Evolution On Chemical Surfaces
...d Urey, showed that amino acids, which make up the proteins foundin all living organisms, could form from chem...ms, but only theleft-handed forms are found in the proteins of living organisms. Smith said,"It's probably an accident that only the left-handed form is used, ...Tiny Worm Reveals Workings Of Suspected Tumor Protein
...ell culture experiments onhow viral cancer-causing proteins subvert a cell's growth. For the first t...rtain enzymestack acetyl groups onto histones--the proteins around which the DNA is draped.This helps initiate gene transcription. In 1996, researchers elsewher...Crystal Structure Of The Archaeal Chaperonin Thermosome, A Protein-Folding Machine, Determined
...mino acid. However, in the cellular environment proteins have to adopt their structure in a very short t...provide closed compartments that shield folding proteins from the cellular environment. According to their general importance chaperonins are pre...Retinoic Acid Used In Cancer Treatment
...ation. Yen's latest results -- using transforming proteins to switch on proto-oncogenes, the precursors to oncogenes -- demonstrate how retinoic acid can use the same chemical-signalling cascades that cause cell growth instead to arrest growth. "Retinoic acid can reverse the defect in growth control ...First Evidence That Localized Arthritis Gene Therapy Heals Distant Diseased Joints
...hers have long sought to block the action of these proteins to reduce or halt the disease process. ...lls (indicative of inflammation) and the amount of proteins normally associated with cartilage destruction. Unexpectedly, the investigators found that the alter...Researchers Discover How Ulcer Bug Becomes Antibiotic-Resistant
...metronidazole to hydroxylamine, which damages DNA, proteins and other macromolecules and kills the bacterium. So the bacterium changes a harmless chemical into a lethal drug. When the rdxA gene is inactivated by mutation, however, H. pylori can?t break down metronidazole and therefore becomes resistant. ...Stanford Microbiologist Receives Lifetime Achievement Award
...recise chemicalinteractions between the regulatory proteins and nucleic acid sequences thatregulate the output of this set of genes. He discovered a regulatory mechanism for controlling gene expression byattenuation, a device which determines whether transcription, once initiated,produces translatable messang...Molecular Memory Tunes Adrenaline To Stress
... the structural detail of the donut-shaped channel proteins that allow potassium electrical signals to cross the cell membrane. And the structural detail is controlled at the gene level by steroids, according to the researchers. Forceful heart, lung, metabolic and behavioral reactions help cope with ...High Blood Pressure Caused By Salt Retention May Be Related To Oncogenes Implicated In Cancer
...d his colleagues havefound that one of those other proteins is the oncogene, p21 ras, which has beenimplicated in a variety of cancers. "It was a complete surprise to us that an oncogene implicated in cancerdevelopment would also be used to turn on and off the function of a sodiumtransport cell," not......in that acts to stimulatethe synthesis of a set of proteins known as cyclins, which spark entry into DNAdivision. They also determined that the Ndt80 protein is responsible for thesynthesis of another set of proteins, which contribute to the unique shape ofthe spore. Finally, the authors showed ...Electron Accelerator Provides Unique Proof Of Gene Repair Process In Living Cells
...d chromosome in every cell nucleus, special repair proteins do their work by moving immediately from their hom...others had previously shown indirectly--thatrepair proteins assemble quickly at breakage sites as they begin their usual response to DNA damage," said Petrini, ......ell, there by controlling its internal pH. Similar proteins control the heart rhythm, the action potential of nerve cells, and muscle contraction. All these ion pumps work in the same way as the proton ATPase and are likely to have similar structures. Manfred Auer and......in fetal rats with activators. Finally, proteins associated with a mature SC and a competent barrierwere present in the rats injected with the activators, but not in the controlgroups. The co-investigator on the study is Kenneth Feingold, MD, UCSF professor of medicine and dermatology. Not...