Natural, man-made mix promises biggest landscape plant growth
...organic, slow-release fertilizers, Davies said. A report on their research will appear in the Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences later this year. Mycorrhizal fungi evolved with plants over thousands of years and formed a beneficial relationship. Now available under several product n...Myths surrounding Cuyahoga River fire 35 years ago
...spite the Cleveland area's efforts, a 1968 federal report listed the Cuyahoga River as one of the most polluted rivers in the nation, said Adler. Adler concludes that like all good fables, this one contains some "useful truths" that "can inform an unending search for more perfect institutions of environmen...Harmless virus helps slow HIV by boosting immune proteins
...f HIV and prolongs survival for many patients. The report appears in the June 19 issue of The Lancet, the leading British medical journal. The findings provide the clearest insight yet into the biological mechanisms of GBV-C, a benign cousin of the hepatitis C virus. The virus infects almost all HIV patie...Scientists learn how adjuvant makes vaccines effective
...e finally begun to understand how they work. They report in the June 18 issue of Science that the most common adjuvant, alum, provokes a previously unrecognized group of immune-system cells to secrete the protein interleukin-4, which primes B cells for a better response to the vaccine. "Adjuvants have bee...Salmonella infects cells and saves itself by altering host membrane lipids
...robial Pathogenesis at the Yale School of Medicine report a new and fundamental mechanism that Salmonella bacteria use to replicate within body cells and cause disease without endangering themselves. The work appears in the June 18 issue of Science . Most dangerous bacteria that enter the body are en...Survival of the fastest: scientists 'selectively breed' winning Formula One cars
...month at a conference in Seattle, researchers will report on a new computer model based on genetic algorithms that optimises performance by selectively combining the best settings of Formula One cars to produce the ultimate configuration. Results show it's possible to shave 0.88 of a second per lap from the...Study finds first evidence COX-2 enzymes can regulate DNA damage
...y of Pennsylvania's Center for Cancer Pharmacology report the first evidence that cylcooxygenase-2 enzymes (...mage. His 2001 article in Science was the first to report a potential negative effect of vitamin C and thus caused a firestorm of attention, although Dr. Blai...A protein's role in progressive renal disease
... developed "knockin" mouse model, the researchers report two possible mechanisms of initiating disease. Aggregation of a-actinin-4 and the toxic affects of aggregation could injure kidney cells, or loss of a-actinin-4 function caused by rapid degradation of the protein could produce injury. Pollak and ...JCI table of contents, 15 June 2004
...zuki and collaborators, from Akita University, now report a new role for this tumor suppressor gene. The researchers found that a lack of PTEN in the liver leads to irregulation of metabolism in liver cells. In order to identify this new role, the authors created mice that had no PTEN gene specifically in ...Existing drug may prevent brain injury and seizures in newborns
... by excitotoxicity, or over-activation of neurons, report two NIH-funded studies from Children's Hospital Boston. The drug, topiramate, is currently approved to control seizures in adults and in children over age 3, but the findings may provide the basis for a protective therapy that could be given to babi...Genetic modification in mice lowers cholesterol and homocysteine by half
Canadian scientists report that mice genetically altered so as to lack either of the two different pathways through which humans, mice, and other animals provide lipids for high density and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) did not appear to suffer any ill effects. But an...Yale researchers discover new potential asthma therapeutic targets related to parasites and insects
...the pathways that lead to asthma, Yale researchers report in today's issue of Science. Asthma is a disease produced by chronic inflammation of the airways. The AMCase protein was not previously thought to be involved in asthma. It was known to digest chitin, which is found in the outer wall of insects and p...Trapping carbon in soil key for protecting global food security, dealing with climate change
...g carbon. And if the practices Lal outlines in his report are put to widespread use, the world's soils could reach their carbon-carrying limits in about 50 years. That will hopefully buy researchers enough time to find alternatives to fossil fuels, which should reduce the amount of carbon released into the ...Study of proteins offers insights into organization of biological networks
... Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators report that "hub" proteins highly connected proteins that bind to many other proteins in the cell can be divided into two general groups: "party" hubs, which interact with most of their partner proteins all at once, and "date" hubs, which bind to their pa...New research shows that the seasons may be involved in onset of menopause
...cess leading to the menopause. The authors of the report say that the triggering factors and the mediators involved need further research. However, melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, which is generally accepted to play a role in the circadian rhythm (the 24 hour time clock that governs d...Earstones tell fishes' tale of early life in the Colorado River estuary
... provided by the shrinking Colorado River estuary, report researchers. Although overfishing has been implicated in the decline of both species, commercial harvesting isn't the only reason for the two species' decline, the finding suggests. Since 1960, diversion of Colorado River water for human uses has gre...Parting genomes: UA biologists discover seeds of speciation
...hism while it's still brewing. She and her advisor report that they have managed to do just that. In the wild, D. mojavensis and D. arizonae rarely if ever interbreed, even though their ranges overlap along a broad swath along the northern Mexican coastline. In the lab, researchers can coax successful conju...Choice of food helps hungry caterpillar
...id produce elicitors. The researchers report in this week's online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that the Physalis angulata fruits used "lack linolenic acid." Linolenic acid is necessary to produce the chemical in caterpillar spit that elicits the production of...Gene therapy tested to protect bone marrow during chemotherapy
...Cancer Center at University Hospitals of Cleveland report progress toward the goal of employing gene therapy to help protect the bone marrow cells of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Stanton Gerson, M.D., professor of medicine, has been leading the effort to introduce a gene into ......lifornia, Davis and other collaborating colleagues report that drinking beverages containing fructose, a naturally-occurring sugar commonly used to sweeten soft drinks and other beverages, induces a pattern of hormonal responses that may favor the development of obesity. It is estimated that consumption ...