Programmable Cells Open Window Of Opportunity For Gene Therapy
...e bench to the bedside." To discover the mechanism responsible for cell reprogramming, he studied thespermatogenesis pathway, which creates sperm cells, and the point at which thegenes in the cell are available for expression. He described this process is"naturally expressive," because it readies a select subset...NIAID-Supported Scientists Discover Origin Of HIV-1
...they have discovered the origin of HIV-1, thevirus responsible for the global AIDS pandemic. A subspecies of chimpanzeesnative to west equatorial Africa has been identified as the original source ofthe virus. Beatrice H. Hahn, M.D., of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, a grantee ofthe National Institute ...Genes Linked To Early Onset, Location Of Hereditary Colon Cancer
...he presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1. NAT1 is responsible for processing highly carcinogenic aromatic amines found frequently in the environment, in the diet and in cigarette smoke. The GST enzymes detoxify a variety of carcinogens and toxic drugs. The researchers found that patients with one form of the NA...Researchers Determine Three Dimensional Structure Of Melatonin Producing Enzyme
...ause a large increase in the activity of AA-NAT is responsible for the highlevels of melatonin found in the brain and in the bloodstream at night. Similarly, low levels of melatonin formed during the day reflect low levels ofthis enzyme. This difference in day and night levels of melatonin is importantfor setti...Research Shows Wrong Activity Worse Than No Activity In Developing Brain
...ce-dependent brain modification normally are responsible for the improvement of function duringdevelopment, in some clinical conditions they can actually lead to a loss of function. For example, a loss of function during infant development can result whenone eye is deprived of normal vis...Researchers Identify Molecular Site That Is Key To HIV's Ability To Infect Cells Of Brain, Colon
... factors other than co-receptor selection that are responsible forthe development of HIV-associated dementia," said Chan. "And these events mightbe happening after the virus infects cells, rather than during the infectionprocess itself." Co-authors of the study included Roberto Speck, MD, Sarah Gaffen, PhD, and......partment has revealedkey elements of the mechanism responsible for stem cell migration fromcirculating blood to the the bone marrow. Furthermore, the scientists managed to dramatically increase the proportion of stem cells capable of migrating to the marrow.The research was conducted in immunodeficient mice tran......ut to identify the gene withinthat region that was responsible for the metastatic spread of lung cancer."The large map of this part of chromosome 11 solidly places known genes withinLOH11A and in its proximity. Bepler said that by knowing which genes are in thesame neighborhood, it's easier to determine how cer......of Health in Bethesda, Md., tostudy HIV, bacterium responsible for lyme disease and prostate cancer. NASA'sbiotechnology research results also have provided advances in the understandingof heart disease, diabetes, respiratory syncytial virus and hepatitis. NASA's Biotechnology Research Program is led by...Gene Influences Heart Disease And Stroke Risk Factors
...at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the gene responsible for regulatinglevels of certain fats in the bloodstream also appears to determine how muchinfluence cholesterol and other risk factors have on atherosclerosis, thedisease process that leads to heart attacks and strokes. The gene that Kardia and her c......ofwhich contains the specific RGD tri-peptide loop responsible for cell adhesion.This module - labeled FnIII10 - consists of seven connected beta strands foldedback and forth in layers. The cell-binding RGD loop extends above the surface ofthe molecule from its slot between the last two strands of the module. Cu......n doesn't occur."Rab5" is known to be a key player responsible for fusion of vesicles comingfrom the cell surface with endosomes. But it was known that Rab5 does not actalone: effectors are required for membrane fusion activity. Nevertheless, theview of the machinery regulating this process was far from being co...UCSD And NIH Researchers Isolate Candidates For Genetic Basis Of Human Taste
...s of Health(NIH), have identified the genes likely responsible for the mammalian sense oftaste. In the Feb. 19 issue of the scientific journal Cell, the researchers describegenes that encode two novel proteins expressed in cells specifically geared tothe sense of taste. The proteins, members of a new group of "G...Researchers Isolate Gene For Heart And Facial Defects
...er atDallas have isolated the gene they believe is responsible for the most commongenetic cause of heart and faci...regionof chromosome 22 trying to identify the gene responsible for the anomalies. Lastyear Srivastava and his colleagues, who have been studying cardiac developmen......gues have been trying to understand the mechanisms responsible forvegetarians' lower rates of hormone-dependent cancers, and for the lowermortality rate from prostate cancer in Asian countries, where populations eatlittle meat. Awad is an associate professor in the Department of PhysicalTherapy, Exercise and N...Amphibian Revival: Build It And They Will Come
...on its head. It isspeculated that habitat loss is responsible for the wood frog and spottedsalamander disappearance and decline, respectively, in eastern Missouri. Thewood frog has disappeared throughout most of Missouri, and the creature hasn'tbeen reported in St. Louis County for nearly 90 years. Sexton's re...Researchers isolate gene that helps plants take in iron from soil
...on in the normal way, confirming that the gene was responsible forproduction of reductase. "Enhancing the nutrien...earch on several closely-related genes that may be responsible forconcentrating the iron in specific parts of plants, such as the leaves orfruits, or may be involv...Fungal Disease Threatens Global Banana Production
... developingworld as packing materials, are usually responsible for long-distance spread. "In order to reduce the impact of this disease, it is essential that resistantbananas be developed," says Ploetz. "Chemical control is available but expensiveand generally not available for poor farmers who depend on this cr...... from the ectoderm, theouter epithelial layer, are responsible for NT-3 expression in the underlyingmesenchyme. Using the Wnt expressing cell lines provided by Andreas Kispert fromthe Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology he could demonstrate that Wntproteins, in particular Wnt-4, can mimick the ectodermal sign...Researchers Discover Genetic Mutation For Rare Form Of Dwarfism
...m of collaborators went on to pinpointthe mutation responsible for dwarfism among at least 105 members of an extendedfamily of Portuguese descent in Sergipe, a remote area in northeastern Brazil. The family comprises 23,000 individuals. All of the affected family members, whose average height is three an...